Walking more steps a day can improve people's health

The analysis led by the University of Massachusetts Amherst discovered that taking more steps a day helps lower the risk of premature death.

The study was published in the journal, 'Lancet Public Health'.

The analysis represents an effort to develop an evidence-based public health message about the benefits of physical activity. The oft-repeated 10,000-steps-a-day mantra grew out of a decades-old marketing campaign for a Japanese pedometer, with no science to back up the impact on health.

More specifically, for adults 60 and older, the risk of premature death leveled off at about 6,000-8,000 steps per day, meaning that more steps than that provided no additional benefit for longevity. Adults, younger than 60 saw the risk of premature death stabilize at about 8,000-10,000 steps per day.

"So, what we saw was this incremental reduction in risk as steps increase, until it levels off," Paluch said.

"And the leveling occurred at different step values for older versus younger adults," he added.

Interestingly, the research found no definitive association with walking speed, beyond the total number of steps per day, Paluch noted. Getting in your steps -- regardless of the pace at which you walked them -- was the link to a lower risk of death.

The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, updated in 2018, recommends adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity each week. Paluch is among the researchers seeking to help establish the evidence base to guide recommendations for simple, accessible physical activity, such as walking.

"Steps are very simple to track, and there is a rapid growth of fitness tracking devices," Paluch said.

"It's such a clear communication tool for public health messaging," he added.

The research group combined the evidence from 15 studies that investigated the effect of daily steps on all-cause mortality among adults age 18 and older. They grouped the nearly 50,000 participants into four comparative groups according to average steps per day. The lowest step group averaged 3,500 steps; the second, 5,800; the third, 7,800; and the fourth, 10,900 steps per day.

Among the three higher active groups who got more steps a day, there was a 40-53 percent lower risk of death, compared to the lowest quartile group who walked fewer steps, according to the meta-analysis.

"The major takeaway is there's a lot of evidence suggesting that moving even a little more is beneficial, particularly for those who are doing very little activity," Paluch said.

"More steps per day are better for your health. And the benefit in terms of mortality risk levels of around 6,000 to 8,000 for older adults and 8,000 to 10,000 for younger adults," he concluded.