Iraq's prime minister asked Iran's leaders to rein in Iran-backed militias in Iraq and in a strongly worded message to Tehran, suggested he would confront the factions, two Iraqi officials said Wednesday.
Mustafa al-Kadhimi's statement came as the third round of strategic talks with Washington got underway, the first under President Joe Biden. The talks — held virtually because of the pandemic — began in June and are expected to centre on an array of issues, including the presence of remaining US combat forces in Iraq and Iran-backed groups acting outside of state authority.
Iraq had requested the latest round, partly in response to pressure from Shiite political factions and militias loyal to Iran that have lobbied for the remaining US troops to leave Iraq. Participants include US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken and Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs David Hale.
Al-Kadhimi has walked a tightrope as he negotiates with the Americans while coming under growing pressure from local militias loyal to Tehran.
Last week, a convoy of heavily armed Shiite militiamen drove openly through central Baghdad, denouncing the US presence and threatening to cut off al-Kadhimi's ear, a display that clearly sought to undermine the premier.
Pressure has also come from cash-strapped Tehran as it seeks billions of dollars in payment for crucial gas and electricity supplies. Iraqi officials say the money is sitting idle in an account at the Trade Bank of Iraq because of US restrictions and fears of sanctions.
In response to the ominous military-type parade by the militias, Kadhimi sent a strongly worded letter to Tehran, demanding Iran use its influence to halt these groups, two Iraqi officials said.
In the note, al-Kadhimi threatened to "announce clearly who backs these groups" and said he was willing to confront them, the officials said.
It was not immediately clear who the message was given to. The timing suggested al-Kadhimi, who has appeared powerless in confronting the militias, was looking to appease the Americans ahead of Wednesday's talks.
The message led to a two-day visit this week by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard's Quds Force chief Ismail Qaani to Baghdad, where he met with militia and Shiite political leaders and called for calm, according to a senior Iraqi Shiite politician.
The two Iraqi officials and the Shiite politician all spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to talk to reporters.
US-Iraq ties plummeted after a Washington-directed airstrike that killed Iranian Quds Force commander General Qassem Soleimani in Baghdad last year. At the time, outraged Shiite lawmakers passed a non-binding resolution to end US troop presence in the country.
Iraqi and US officials have said they support a scheduled withdrawal of forces from Iraq, but questions remain over time-frames and the scope of the threat posed by the Islamic State group. Iraq's Foreign Minister Fuad Hassan said in a statement during Wednesday's talks that Iraq still needs US support related to training, arming and advising its military.
A group of Shiite militias on Wednesday issued a statement demanding that a scheduled withdrawal be set during the Iraq-US talks.
A US official last month said that the US intended to use the meetings with Iraq to clarify that coalition forces remain in the country "at the invitation of the Iraqi government and solely for the purpose of training and advising Iraqi forces" and to ensure against an IS comeback.
Iraqis have often feel squeezed and pressured by both their allies, the US and Iran.
In a positive sign, the Biden administration last month permitted a 120-day sanctions waiver for Iraq to continue importing energy from Iran, the maximum time frame allowed. Waiver renewals under former President Donald Trump were often for shorter periods and laden with conditions.
However, Iraqi officials say they require U.S leniency to repay Tehran directly for the crucial energy imports, forgoing a complex payment system designed to evade US sanctions over trading with Iran.
Iraq relies on Iranian supplies for a third of power needs, especially during peak summer months. Electricity cuts over payment issues resulted in violent protests in the southern province of Basra in the summer of 2018. As Iraq plans for nationwide parliamentary elections in October, the need to avoid unrest is high.
Currently, Iraq can pay Iran indirectly for the supplies in several ways. It can pay in humanitarian goods or medicines, cancel Iran's foreign debt, and foot bills such as Iranian Embassy expenses, the costs of Iranian companies operating in Iraq and those of Iranian pilgrimages to Shiite holy sites in Iraq.
But doling out these payments has been difficult, partly because US conditions are so strict.
