A new study has found that increased mortality risk among current alcohol abstainers might largely be explained by other factors, including previous alcohol or drug problems, daily smoking, and overall poor health.
The new research has been published in the 'PLOS Medicine Journal'.
Previous studies have suggested that people who abstain from alcohol have a higher mortality rate than those who drink low to moderate amounts of alcohol. In the new study, researchers used data on a random sample of 4,028 German adults who had participated in a standardized interview conducted between 1996 and 1997, when participants were 18 to 64 years old. Baseline data were available on alcohol drinking in the 12 months prior to the interview, as well as other information on health, alcohol, and drug use. Mortality data were available from follow-up 20 years later.
Among the study participants, 447 (11.10 percent) had not drunk any alcohol in the 12 months prior to the baseline interview. Of these abstainers, 405 (90.60 percent) were former alcohol consumers and 322 (72.04 percent) had one or more other risk factors for higher mortality rates, including a former alcohol-use disorder or risky alcohol consumption (35.40 percent), daily smoking (50.00 percent), or fair to poor self-rated health (10.51 percent). The 125 alcohol abstinent persons without these risk factors did not show a statistically significant difference in total, cardiovascular, or cancer mortality compared to low to moderate alcohol consumers, and those who had stayed alcohol abstinent throughout their life had a hazard ratio of 1.64 (95 percent CI 0.72-3.77) compared to low to moderate alcohol consumers after adjustment for age, sex and tobacco smoking.
"The results support the view that people in the general population who currently are abstinent from alcohol do not necessarily have a shorter survival time than the population with low to moderate alcohol consumption. The findings speak against recommendations to drink alcohol for health reasons," the authors said
John added, "It has long been assumed that low to moderate alcohol consumption might have positive effects on health based on the finding that alcohol abstainers seemed to die earlier than low to moderate drinkers. We found that the majority of the abstainers had alcohol or drug problems, risky alcohol consumption, and daily tobacco smoking or fair to poor health in their history, i.e., factors that predict early death."
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