Nestled in the eastern region of Nepal, Ilam is a captivating district in the Koshi Province. Famous for its serene landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and diverse religious sites, Ilam is a destination that offers something for every type of traveler, whether you’re a nature enthusiast, a history lover, or a spiritual seeker.
With elevations ranging from 140 meters to 3,636 meters above sea level, Ilam provides a diverse topography that includes lush tea gardens, rugged mountains, tranquil lakes, and picturesque valleys.
The district has a total population of 279,534 according to the 2021 census.
The Origins of Ilam
The origin of Ilam’s name has intrigued both locals and visitors alike, with three primary theories surrounding its etymology.
The first theory suggests that the name “Ilam” is derived from the Limbu language, where “I” means curved, and “Lam” means path.
The rugged, winding roads of Ilam, often cutting through hills and valleys, might have given rise to this name, reflecting the twisted trails that lead through the region’s varied landscape.
Population by sex and 5-year age group in Ilam district. (Source: National Population and Housing Census 2021)
The second theory attributes the name to the Lepcha community, an indigenous group that has historically thrived in the region.
According to the Rong language of the Lepchas, “I” refers to a honeybee, known locally as Putka, and “Lam” means a raised or settled place.
As the Lepcha people have long been known for their beekeeping expertise, some believe that Ilam was named after a place where bees thrived, evolving from Ilom (a place where bees live) to Ilam over time.
The third theory traces the name Ilam to the reign of a local ruler named Ila. Before the unification of Nepal, the region witnessed numerous conflicts and battles. After the Sugauli Treaty, the district’s headquarters were moved to Ilam in 1875 BS.
Historical landmarks such as the Maitri Mandir (Maa Bhawani Temple) and the Khalanga Stone commemorate this shift, solidifying the district’s ties to local history.
Ilam District is home to ten local level governments (municipalities and rural municipalities). These are:
Ilam Municipality
Deumai Municipality
Mai Municipality
Suryodaya Municipality
Phakphokthum Rural Municipality
Chulachuli Rural Municipality
Maijogmai Rural Municipality
Mansebung Rural Municipality
Rong Rural Municipality
Sandakpur Rural Municipality
Ilam Municipality, one of Nepal’s oldest and most culturally rich municipalities, is rapidly emerging as a prime tourist destination. Spanning over 173.32 square kilometers in the beautiful Ilam District of Koshi Province, this municipality offers visitors a unique blend of natural beauty, cultural diversity, and historical significance. With its picturesque landscapes, serene rivers, and welcoming atmosphere, Ilam is becoming a must-visit spot for those seeking both adventure and tranquility.
Ilam Municipality, which has served as the district headquarters for over 200 years, is located in the eastern part of Nepal. It shares borders with Mai Jogmai Municipality and Suryodaya Municipality to the east, Sandakpur Rural Municipality and the Panchthar district to the north, and Deumai Municipality to the west, creating a scenic and diverse environment. To the south, it is flanked by Mai and Surjodaya municipalities, adding to its geographical significance.
The municipality is known for its geographical diversity, ranging from lush green hills to fertile plains, and is home to several major rivers like Mai, Jogmai, and Puwamai. These rivers not only enhance the natural beauty of the region but also make it one of the top agricultural zones in Nepal. Visitors can enjoy trekking along riverside trails, exploring the pristine environment, and even experiencing the region’s flourishing agricultural lifestyle.
Culturally, Ilam is a melting pot of ethnicities, with diverse communities such as the Rai, Limbu, Brahmin, Chhetri, Tamang, and Newar coexisting harmoniously. This blend of cultures is evident in the local festivals, traditions, and delicious cuisine, making the region a fascinating place for cultural tourism. The municipality is home to various cultural landmarks, including ancient temples, monasteries, and historical sites that tell the story of Ilam’s rich past.
In addition to its natural and cultural appeal, Ilam Municipality serves as the center for education, health, sports, industry, commerce, and tourism in the district. With a population of 50,085 and a density of 289 people per square kilometer, Ilam is a thriving urban center, offering modern amenities while maintaining its traditional charm. Institutions like orphanages, old age homes, and schools for children with disabilities highlight the inclusive nature of the municipality, making it an ideal place for both domestic and international travelers.
With the government’s ongoing efforts to develop the municipality as a tourist hub, Ilam is steadily gaining recognition for its potential as a top destination in Nepal. The municipality is already making strides in promoting eco-tourism, adventure tourism, and cultural heritage tourism. Its beautiful landscapes, such as the tea gardens and the surrounding hills, are attracting trekkers, nature lovers, and photographers.
As Ilam continues to grow as a tourist city, it is also being considered as a potential capital for the federal state of Nepal. The combination of its rich heritage, stunning scenery, and emerging infrastructure makes Ilam an exciting place for future developments in tourism.
Sex ratio, population density, and annual population growth rate in Ilam district. (Source National Population and Housing Census 2021)
Nestled in the western region of Ilam District, Deumai Municipality is becoming a significant destination for nature lovers and tourists alike. Known for its stunning natural beauty and rich cultural heritage, Deumai is one of the most picturesque municipalities in the district. With its diverse geography and flourishing tourism scene, it’s a hidden gem in the eastern part of Nepal that is gaining increasing attention.
Deumai Municipality spans an area of 191.63 square kilometers and is located between 26.81 to 27.04 degrees north latitude and 87.74 to 88.88 degrees east longitude. Situated at an elevation ranging from 250 meters to 2,700 meters above sea level, the municipality boasts diverse landscapes, from lush lowlands to breathtaking highlands. It covers 0.13% of Nepal’s total area and 11.22% of Ilam District, making it a vital area for both the region and the country.
The municipality experiences a variety of climates, from tropical monsoon to warm temperate and cool temperate climates. Due to its elevation, the temperature varies significantly throughout the year, with the hottest months being in mid-July and the coldest in January. On average, the summer temperature ranges from 16°C to 23°C, while winter temperatures drop between 4°C and 11°C. Deumai receives an average of 35 centimeters (350 millimeters) of rainfall during the monsoon season, adding to its lush, green environment.
Deumai’s natural beauty is enhanced by the Deumai River, which flows through the western part of the municipality. This sacred river is not only an important natural feature but also holds significant religious and cultural value for the local people. The river has given the municipality its name and is an integral part of the community’s spiritual life.
The municipality is bordered by Ilam Municipality to the east, Fakfokthum and Mangsebung Rural Municipalities to the west, Phalgunanda Rural Municipality in Panchthar to the north, and Mai Municipality in Ilam to the south. Its strategic location and varied topography make Deumai an ideal destination for both adventure tourism and cultural exploration.
In 2014, the Nepalese government merged Manglabare and Dhuseni Village Development Committees to form Deumai Municipality. As part of the country’s restructuring after the 2015 Constitution, neighboring areas like Chhemitaha, Shantidada, Siddhithumka, Jitpur, and Sangrumbha were incorporated into the municipality.
With its rich cultural heritage, serene landscapes, and growing tourism infrastructure, Deumai is quickly becoming one of the top tourist spots in Ilam District. It offers an excellent mix of trekking, cultural exploration, and nature tours. The area is particularly attractive for eco-tourism and pilgrimage tours, thanks to the Deumai River and the surrounding natural wonders.
Nestled in the eastern part of Nepal, Mai Municipality in Ilam District is rapidly emerging as a key destination for those seeking a blend of natural beauty, cultural diversity, and rural charm. Located in Province No. 1, this municipality covers an area of 246.09 square kilometers and is home to a population of 30,732. Although it is the second largest municipality in Ilam in terms of area, Mai has the smallest population in the district, offering visitors a peaceful and less crowded escape into nature.
Mai Municipality is geographically situated between 26°45’ North latitude and 87°52’ East longitude, in the Chure region of the district. It is bordered by Suryodaya Municipality and Rong Rural Municipality to the east, Mangsebung and Chulachuli Rural Municipalities to the west, Ilam and Deumai Municipalities to the north, and the districts of Jhapa—Arjundhara, Kankai, and Shivagadh—lie to the south. Mai’s central location in the region makes it a prime spot for cultural and eco-tourism, with its rich diversity and natural landscapes.
The municipality is home to an array of agricultural activities, which play a significant role in the local economy. Known for its commercial farming, Mai is famous for producing rice, bananas, betel nuts, and meat products. Additionally, tea cultivation has become a prominent feature of the region, with several tea estates contributing to the municipality’s agricultural profile. Mai’s local farmers also engage in cross-border trade, selling their goods to nearby towns in Jhapa, such as Sunischare and Birtamod.
Mai’s natural resources are abundant, with a wealth of flora and fauna. The municipality boasts medicinal plants like Chiraito, Harro, Barro, Tulsi, Amala, and Titepati, as well as trees such as Sakhua, Simala, Karam, and Lamphate. Mai is home to 60 community forests, providing ample opportunities for eco-tourism. The municipality also features several notable tourist attractions, including the Sitli Tea Garden, Shakti Tea Garden, Shiv Pokhari, Jhandeedanda Shivalay, and the scenic Simasar wetlands. These sites not only offer serene landscapes but also present spiritual and cultural significance to visitors.
In addition to its natural beauty, Mai Municipality is a cultural hotspot, home to a diverse population of ethnicities, religions, and languages. The majority of residents are Limbu, Tamang, Rai, Magar, Newar, Kumal, Brahmin, Chhetri, and Dalit. The region’s cultural fabric is enriched by a variety of religious beliefs, including Kirat, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity. Festivals such as Dashain, Tihar, Lhosar, Udhauli, Ubhauli, Dhan Nach, Chandi Nach, Buddha Jayanti, and Eid are celebrated, showcasing the region’s vibrant traditions and community spirit. Despite its ethnic and religious diversity, the people of Mai Municipality embrace unity in diversity, making it an ideal destination for those looking to explore Nepal’s multicultural heritage.
For those interested in health and education, Mai Municipality is equipped with essential services, including basic health posts in all 10 wards, and a 15-bed hospital under construction in the central ward of Sitli. Additionally, the municipality has 44 community schools and 14 private schools, making it an excellent choice for travelers interested in experiencing rural life alongside its natural and cultural attractions.
Suryodaya Municipality, located in the eastern part of Nepal’s Ilam District, spans an area of 225.52 square kilometers and is strategically positioned along the Mechi Highway. This bustling municipality serves as a crucial point of trade and connectivity in the region, with its heart situated at the Fikkal market, which has long been a commercial hub for eastern Ilam. Fikkal is one of the oldest markets in the area and continues to serve as a vital business center, with roads connecting to key locations such as Pashupatinagar.
The municipality is bordered by Ilam Municipality to the west, Mai Jogmai Rural Municipality to the north, Rong Rural Municipality to the south, and the Darjeeling district in the Indian state of West Bengal to the east. Its location at the crossroads of international and local trade makes it an area of significant economic importance.
Famous for its agricultural products, Suryodaya is known for the cultivation of cash crops like tea, cardamom, milk, and potatoes. Notably, it is home to the only cardamom development center in Nepal, making the municipality a key player in the country’s cardamom industry. In addition to its agricultural strengths, Suryodaya is rapidly developing with a focus on urbanization, aiming to implement a modern urban development plan that promotes balanced growth in both economic and social sectors.
In terms of tourism, Suryodaya Municipality is a treasure trove of natural beauty and cultural heritage. One of its most famous attractions is the Kanayam Tea Garden, which offers visitors panoramic views of rolling hills, tea plantations, and snow-capped mountains. The sunrise and sunset views from this area are particularly mesmerizing, providing travelers with a truly awe-inspiring experience. The surrounding greenery and the views of the plains below add to the natural beauty of the area, making it a prime destination for nature lovers and those seeking a peaceful retreat.
Culturally, Suryodaya Municipality is home to a diverse mix of ethnic groups, including Limbu, Tamang, Rai, Brahmin, Chhetri, and others. This cultural diversity is reflected in the municipality’s festivals, traditions, and languages. The municipality is also home to the historic Lepcha community, with sites of cultural importance that attract those interested in learning more about Nepal’s indigenous peoples.
In terms of education and healthcare, Suryodaya Municipality has made strides to ensure accessibility to essential services. The municipality is home to a campus offering bachelor’s level studies, as well as a number of community schools catering to children from primary to secondary education. Health services are also readily available, with several health posts and centers scattered across the area, including the Fikkal Primary Health Center, and health posts in Pashupatinagar, Kanayam, Panchkanya, and others.
Suryodaya is also an emerging center for industrial and commercial development, particularly in areas such as Fikkal, which holds great potential for industrial growth, and Pashupatinagar, which is fast becoming a thriving center for trade. Meanwhile, sites like the Panchkanya Temple, Gorakhe, Sriantu, Chitre Gumba, and Pashupatinagar continue to attract tourists interested in cultural and religious exploration.
Marital status in Ilam district. (Source: National Population and Housing Census 2021)
Nestled in the western region of Ilam District, Phkphokthum Rural Municipality is a captivating destination for nature lovers and cultural enthusiasts alike. Situated within the Mahabharat Mountain Range and along the Ranke-Rabi Road, this municipality lies in the southern part of the district, offering a unique blend of breathtaking landscapes and rich heritage.
Phakphokthum was established as part of Nepal’s local governance restructuring, merging five former Village Development Committees (VDCs)—Phakphok, Amchok, Fuyetappa, Lumde, Ekatappa—and Chhamaita VDC’s Ward No. 9. It is bordered by Deumai Municipality to the east, Mangsebung Rural Municipality to the south, and the Phalgunand and Miklajung Rural Municipalities of Panchthar District to the north and west. Covering an area of 109 square kilometers, this municipality is home to a population of 19,706 residents according to the 2021 Nepal Census, with a population density of 200 people per square kilometer.
What sets Phakphokthum apart is its ethnic and cultural diversity. The majority of the population belongs to the Limbu community, but the area is also home to various other ethnic groups, adding to the cultural richness of the region. Visitors will find a welcoming atmosphere where different customs, festivals, and traditions are celebrated, offering a unique cultural experience.
The area is renowned for its agricultural and medicinal plant production. The fertile land supports the cultivation of a variety of crops, including rice, millet, and vegetables. The region is also famous for its medicinal herbs, which have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. These herbal products contribute to the area’s distinct agricultural profile and attract those interested in natural healing and organic farming practices.
For tourists, Phakphokthum offers a combination of outdoor adventure and cultural immersion. Whether you are exploring the serene mountain views, trekking through lush fields, or learning about the traditional farming methods, there is something for every traveler. The municipality is an ideal destination for those looking to experience authentic rural life, traditional Limbu culture, and the stunning natural beauty of Ilam’s western region.
Phakphokthum Rural Municipality provides a perfect escape for eco-tourism enthusiasts, offering a peaceful environment to unwind while learning about the region’s cultural and agricultural significance. This municipality is a hidden gem that promises memorable experiences for those seeking both adventure and cultural discovery.
Nestled in the southern region of Ilam District, Chulachuli Rural Municipality is a blend of natural beauty, rich culture, and agricultural prosperity. Formed by merging the former Chulachuli and Sakphara Village Development Committees (VDCs), the municipality spans a total area of 108.46 square kilometers. It is divided into six wards and lies in the southwestern part of Ilam, bordered by Mai Municipality to the east, Morang District to the west, Mangsebung Rural Municipality to the north, and Jhapa District to the south.
Chulachuli is strategically located, offering easy access to the East-West Highway via a gravel road. While much of the municipality is made up of hilly terrain, it also has some flatland areas, particularly in the southern region. The landscape is dominated by the Chure hills, which are often referred to as “Chula Dhungas” (stove-like stones), and the name “Chulachuli” is believed to have originated from these unique geological features.
The southern part of Chulachuli enjoys a warm, temperate climate, making it ideal for agricultural activities. The area is known for its fertile land and diverse crops. Historically, people from the hilly areas have migrated to this region due to its agricultural potential, establishing a thriving farming community. In addition to crops like rice and vegetables, the area is well-suited for livestock farming.
Chulachuli is rich in natural resources, particularly its extensive forests, which provide ample opportunities for the timber industry. The municipality is known for its large forests, which are a source of both livelihood and raw materials for the local economy. This makes the region an important player in the district’s timber and wood-based industries.
The population of Chulachuli is diverse, with about 7.2% of Ilam’s total population residing in the area. According to the 2021 census, the municipality has an average population density of 192 people per square kilometer. Socially, Chulachuli is home to around 55 different ethnic groups. The majority of the population consists of Rai (30%) and Brahmin/Chhetri (25%) people, with the remaining population belonging to various other ethnic communities. The area’s proximity to the Terai region also means that a significant number of people of Terai origin live in Chulachuli.
The region’s cultural diversity is evident in the various festivals and traditions celebrated by its residents. These include celebrations related to Hindu, Buddhist, and indigenous Rai practices. Despite its ethnic diversity, the community enjoys harmonious coexistence, with a strong sense of unity among the people.
Chulachuli Rural Municipality is not only an agricultural hub but also a promising area for industrial development, particularly in the timber and agriculture sectors. With its vast natural resources, fertile land, and diverse communities, Chulachuli has the potential to become a significant economic and cultural center in Ilam. The region also offers a glimpse into the traditional way of life in the hilly areas, with a focus on community, agriculture, and sustainable living.
Nestled in the far eastern region of Ilam District, Maijogmai Rural Municipality is a unique blend of cultural diversity, natural beauty, and spiritual significance. Formed after the reorganization of local administrative boundaries in Nepal, Maijogmai was created by merging five former Village Development Committees (VDCs). Known for its rich ethnic diversity, the municipality is home to various indigenous groups, including the minority Lepcha and Thami communities, who primarily reside in the eastern part of Ilam.
Maijogmai is a municipality that offers visitors a glimpse into the diverse cultural and spiritual practices of its people. The area is known for its rich traditions, unique festivals, and the peaceful coexistence of different communities. One of the most significant features of this municipality is its historical and religious landmarks, which attract both domestic and international visitors.
Among the key spiritual sites in Maijogmai is the revered Maibeni Dham, located in the famous religious center of Namsaling. This sacred site is a hub of pilgrimage, with many visitors coming to seek blessings and peace. Another well-known religious site is the Singhdevi Temple, situated in the scenic Jowbari Tare Bhir. The temple is famous for its panoramic views and peaceful atmosphere, making it a popular destination for spiritual seekers and nature lovers alike.
The Nayabazar area is home to a number of historical landmarks, including the Buddhist Monastery and the Singhdevi Temple. These sacred places are central to the local spiritual life and draw visitors seeking to learn more about the region’s Buddhist heritage. Moreover, the breathtaking views of the sunrise from the Takura hill in Pyanko offer a perfect experience for nature lovers, photographers, and hikers.
For those interested in waterfalls and natural beauty, Maijogmai has plenty to offer. The Satele Waterfall, located in Namsaling, is one of the most stunning natural landmarks in the municipality, providing visitors with a peaceful retreat and an opportunity to experience the splendor of nature. The Kali Odar and Uttare Pokhari are also well-known spots, with their tranquil environment perfect for meditation and relaxation.
The presence of several Gumba (Buddhist Monasteries), such as the Sangcholing Gumba, Meghma Gumba, and the Buddhist Stupa, further enhances Maijogmai’s status as a spiritual and cultural destination. These monasteries offer insights into the Buddhist way of life and provide travelers with an opportunity to engage in meditation and spiritual practices.
In addition to its historical and religious significance, Maijogmai is blessed with picturesque landscapes, including rolling hills, terraced farms, and lush green forests. The natural beauty of this region, combined with its rich cultural heritage, makes it an ideal destination for eco-tourism, spiritual journeys, and cultural exploration.
Living Arrangement of Children in Ilam district (Source: National Population and Housing Census 2021)
Located in the picturesque southeastern part of Ilam District, Mangsabung Rural Municipality is a region rich in cultural diversity, natural beauty, and spiritual significance. Covering six wards, this municipality is known for its stunning landscapes, which include lush green hills, dense forests, and breathtaking viewpoints. With a mix of ethnic groups and religious practices, Mangsabung offers a unique blend of experiences for tourists seeking nature, culture, and spirituality.
The region is home to a diverse population, with the majority belonging to the Limbu community (42.83%), followed by Rai (33.6%), as well as smaller groups of Magar, Tamang, Gurung, and other ethnicities. This multicultural fabric is reflected in the area’s festivals, traditions, and daily life, offering visitors a glimpse into the rich tapestry of Nepal’s ethnic heritage.
Mangsabung is also known for its agricultural significance, with cash crops such as cardamom, ginger, and turmeric being some of the main products. The municipality is well-connected to surrounding areas via major roadways, including the Damak-Chature-Rabi Road (Falgunand route) and the Ranake-Ravi-Bhedetar Road, making it easily accessible for tourists. The central administrative hub is located in the town of Ivang, from where visitors can explore various attractions.
Among the many highlights of Mangsabung is the famous Gajurmukhi Temple, a revered religious site attracting devotees from far and wide. The area is also home to several scenic spots, including Mangmanglung, Navalung, and Kharanethumka, which offer magnificent panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and valleys. Nature lovers will be drawn to the Chhange Waterfall in Ivang and the Pangbuhang Cave in Kusunde, both of which provide tranquil settings for relaxation and exploration.
For adventure seekers, Ghorlebhir offers a unique opportunity for rock climbing and paragliding, making it a must-visit destination for thrill-seekers. The cultural and spiritual aspects of Mangsabung are also notable, with sacred places like the Mangsabung Monastery and Phulungyi, a well-known pilgrimage site for Kirat followers. Mangsabung holds special significance in the Kirat Limbu tradition as the birthplace of several important spiritual leaders, including the 16th National Hero, Mahaguru Falgunand, and Seying Lenden Atmanand, the current global Kirat religious leader.
The name Mangsabung itself is derived from the Limbu language, meaning “the abode of gods and goddesses.” This reflects the deep spiritual connection the region has with its inhabitants, who consider it a sacred space.
Rong Rural Municipality, located in the eastern part of Ilam District, was formed by merging the former villages of Jirmale, Irautaar, Kolbung, and Shantipur. The municipality covers an area of 155.06 square kilometers and is home to a population of 17,367 people. The central office of Rong Rural Municipality is located in the former Kolbung village office, and the municipality is divided into six wards.
The wards of Rong Rural Municipality are structured as follows: Ward No. 1 includes Shantipur Wards 1, 2, 4-6, and 8-9; Ward No. 2 covers Shantipur Wards 3 and 7; Ward No. 3 encompasses Irautaar Wards 2, 4 and Kolbung Wards 1, 2, 5-8; Ward No. 4 includes Irautaar Ward 3 and Kolbung Wards 3, 4, and 9; Ward No. 5 consists of Irautaar Wards 1 and 5-9; and Ward No. 6 includes Jirmale Wards 1-9.
This rural municipality shares borders with India to the east, and to the west and north, it is bordered by Suryaodaya Municipality. To the south, it shares a border with the neighboring Jhapa District.
Rong is known not only within Ilam District but also throughout Nepal for its cultural, religious, and agricultural significance. The region boasts a rich history and a variety of tourist attractions, making it a popular destination for both locals and visitors from across the country. The area’s agricultural richness, combined with its serene environment and religious sites, makes Rong an attractive place to explore. Visitors can experience the local culture, religious traditions, and lush landscapes, making it an unforgettable part of Ilam.
Located in the northeastern region of Ilam District, Sandakpur Rural Municipality is a stunning and diverse locality rich in natural beauty, culture, and religious significance. This rural municipality is known for its unique geography, vibrant cultural heritage, and diverse biodiversity. Sandakpur is one of the smallest local units in Nepal, ranking 133rd in population and 477th in area out of 753 local units in the country. The municipality spans an area of 156.01 square kilometers.
Sandakpur is a blend of Hindu, Kirat, Buddhist, and Christian communities, with a mix of ethnic groups such as Rai, Limbu, Brahmin, Chhetri, Sherpa, Sunuwar, Tamang, Gurung, Magar, Damai, Kami, Bhujel, and Thami. The people of this region primarily engage in agriculture, livestock farming, foreign employment, and herbal farming. The local customs are enriched with cultural dances such as Maruni, Sangeini, Balan, and Sakela, as well as religious festivals like Sakela, Udhauli, Dashain, Tihar, Lhosar, and Christmas.
One of the prominent features of Sandakpur is its exceptional geographical diversity. The region’s altitude ranges from 900 meters to 3,636 meters above sea level. The upper areas, which are part of the Mahabharat mountain range, are covered in forests and alpine meadows, while the lower areas are known for terraced fields and fertile agricultural land. The region’s climate is equally diverse, with cold winters and warm southern areas. Sandakpur’s unique combination of high-altitude terrain and rich biodiversity makes it an attractive destination for tourists interested in nature, trekking, and wildlife.
One of the most famous tourist destinations in this rural municipality is Maipokhari, a sacred lake located in the region. Sandakpur is also renowned for its wildlife, including rare species such as the Red Panda and various endangered bird species. For adventure seekers, the region offers breathtaking views of the snow-capped peaks, sunrise experiences, and opportunities for wildlife observation.
The name “Sandakpur” is derived from a local legend. It is believed that ancient sages meditated in this area and attained spiritual enlightenment. The name was later altered to Sandakpur after centuries of use. Sandakpur, which is also known as “Sandakfu” in India, is famous for its medicinal plants. The word “Sandakfu” comes from the Lepcha language, meaning a place where valuable medicinal herbs grow, further highlighting the area’s significance in both cultural and natural contexts.
Mai Pokhari: A Sacred Haven
One of the most significant tourist destinations in Ilam is Mai Pokhari, a picturesque wetland situated atop Sulubung Village at an elevation of 2,100 meters. This natural haven is a perfect blend of religious significance and natural beauty.
It is Nepal’s only wetland included in the Ramsar list of wetlands, an international recognition it earned in 2009. Spanning over 90 hectares, including a 1.88-hectare water body, the wetland features nine ponds, and is surrounded by dense, lush forests.
Mai Pokhari holds immense spiritual importance for Hindus, Buddhists, and the Kirat community alike. Its significance is underscored by the Shiva Temple, which was built by Swami Someshwarananda in 1954 BS.
The temple is dedicated to the worship of Lord Shiva, and every year, during festivals like Harishayani Ekadashi and Haribodhini Ekadashi, the area sees a significant influx of pilgrims.
The temple, alongside the breathtaking natural scenery, makes Mai Pokhari a must-visit destination for tourists seeking peace, tranquility, and spiritual solace.
Pathibhara Devi: A Spiritual Journey
Another major religious landmark in Ilam is the Pathibhara Devi Temple, located at an altitude of 2,000 meters above sea level.
Situated along the Mechi Highway, the temple sits atop Kuti Dada, and is known as the Small Pathibhara as it is considered the sister temple of the more famous Pathibhara Temple in Taplejung. Pilgrims flock here from both Nepal and India to seek blessings from Pathibhara Devi, a goddess known for her divine powers.
The temple is also a symbol of the region’s cultural heritage, surrounded by the beautiful flora of the area, particularly golden-colored flowers.
With its stunning views and revered religious significance, the Pathibhara Devi Temple has become a major spiritual and cultural destination.
Local villages like Malim and Sutung are famous for their beekeeping practices, a tradition passed down from the Lepcha community, and this adds an intriguing dimension to the spiritual experience of visiting the temple.
Shri Antu: Sunrise Over the Himalayas
For those who appreciate the beauty of the morning sun rising over the majestic Himalayas, Shri Antu is a must-visit.
Located at 1,818 meters, this eastern part of Ilam is famous for its breathtaking sunrise views, drawing nature lovers and photographers from all over the world. Situated near the border regions, visitors can not only enjoy the spectacular sunrise but also learn about the culture of the Lepcha community, known for their unique costumes and traditions.
While Shri Antu was officially renamed Deependra Shikhar in 2043 BS, the old name still holds strong. This area also provides access to scenic walks, where visitors can explore nearby hills and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding valleys.
For those wishing to experience a serene and scenic atmosphere, Shri Antu remains one of the best places to visit in Ilam.
Sandakpur: The Peak of Beauty
For those seeking adventure and awe-inspiring views, Sandakpur is the highest point in Ilam, standing at 3,636 meters above sea level.
From the summit, visitors can enjoy spectacular views of Kangchenjunga, Makalu, and Mount Everest, with the sunrise casting a golden glow on these towering peaks. The panoramic vistas from Sandakpur are unrivaled, making it an ideal destination for trekkers and mountain lovers.
Moreover, the Mai River’s origin at Lalikherk is also located in this area, adding an ecological and cultural dimension to the trip. Whether you’re trekking to Sandakpur or simply stopping for a view, this destination offers a sense of connection with the grandeur of the Himalayas.
Siddhithumka: A Tranquil Escape
Another scenic gem in Ilam is Siddhithumka, located approximately 15 kilometers west of Ilam Bazaar at an elevation of 1,993 meters.
Known for its panoramic views of both the sunrise and sunset, Siddhithumka offers breathtaking vistas of the Chure Mahabharat mountain range, the Terai plains, and lush agricultural lands.
The diversity of cultures and lifestyles in the surrounding villages adds to the area’s charm, making it a perfect destination for those who want to experience rural Nepalese life.
Todrake Waterfall: Nature’s Beauty
For nature enthusiasts, Todrake Waterfall is an absolute must-see. Located in the village of Maimajhuwa, this waterfall is the tallest in Ilam, with a height of 280 feet.
The waterfall is surrounded by other smaller waterfalls, making it an ideal spot for nature lovers and photographers.
The pristine beauty of Todrake Waterfall, combined with the peaceful atmosphere of the area, makes it a fantastic spot for those seeking relaxation amidst nature.
Chhintapu: The Himalayan Frontier
For those with a love for high-altitude adventures, Chhintapu offers views of the highest peaks of the Himalayas, including Mount Everest, Kangchenjunga, and Makalu.
Located at an altitude of 3,300 meters, Chhintapu is known for its stunning natural lakes, colorful rhododendron flowers, and the rich wildlife, including wild boars, deer, and leopards.
This remote area is a paradise for trekkers, nature lovers, and photographers seeking to capture the pristine beauty of the Himalayas.
Manglamung: A Sacred Pilgrimage Site
For those interested in the spiritual heritage of Ilam, Manglamung is a significant destination. Situated at an elevation of 1,822 meters in the Banzho village, Manglamung is revered by the Kirat community.
The site is famous for the Matrika Kiranteshwar Cave, a prominent religious site known for its rock carvings of animals such as lions, serpents, and eagles.
This sacred place offers a glimpse into the rich history and spiritual beliefs of the Kirat people, making it a fascinating destination for cultural exploration.
Kanyam: Tea Gardens and Tranquil Views
No visit to Ilam is complete without a trip to Kanyam, a region famous for its lush tea gardens. Located along the Mechi Highway, Kanyam has become a prime destination for agriculture tourism.
The sight of the sprawling tea gardens, combined with the cool, refreshing atmosphere, makes it an ideal place for nature walks, tea-tasting experiences, and cultural interactions.
Every year, thousands of tourists visit Kanyam to explore the tea plantations and enjoy a leisurely picnic amidst the greenery.
Narayansthan and Maithan: Sacred Temples and Local Culture
Ilam is home to several temples, two of the most significant being Narayansthan and Maithan. The Narayansthan Temple, located in the center of Ilam Bazaar, is dedicated to Lord Shiva and Lord Narayan. Built in 1922 BS, this temple is a central point for worship and community gatherings.
The Bhagwati Temple at Maithan, built by Kaji Hemdal Thapa between 1876-1922, is another important religious site. Known for its Pagoda-style architecture, this temple is revered by locals and serves as a place of regular religious ceremonies.
Ilam is a place where culture, nature, and spirituality intertwine to create an unforgettable experience for travelers. From the sacred lakes of Mai Pokhari to the towering peaks of Sandakpur and the lush tea gardens of Kanyam, Ilam offers a diverse range of attractions that cater to all kinds of tourists. Whether you’re visiting to explore the unique heritage of the Kirat and Lepcha communities, trek through the Himalayan ranges, or simply relax amidst nature’s beauty, Ilam is a place that promises peace, adventure, and spiritual renewal. With its rich cultural tapestry, stunning landscapes, and sacred sites, Ilam is truly one of Nepal’s most enchanting destinations.
