Saturday, April 12, 2025
KATHMANDU: Nestled in the heart of Koshi Province, Jhapa is a district that captures the essence of natural beauty, cultural richness, and historical depth. This vibrant district, famous for its fertile plains and lush forests, is bordered by the majestic Chure Range in the north and the expansive plains of India in the south.
A Land of Fertility and Diversity
Spanning 1,606 square kilometers, Jhapa is one of Nepal’s most fertile regions, where agriculture thrives, especially rice and tea cultivation. The district lies in the Terai, with its fertile soils irrigated by numerous rivers, including the Mechi River, which forms the eastern boundary with India’s West Bengal. The southern border is adjacent to Bihar, another Indian state. The terrain is a unique blend of flat plains and hilly areas, making it a region of diverse geographical features. From the low-lying fields to the hilly terrains of the north, Jhapa offers stunning landscapes that will take any visitor’s breath away.
In addition to its agricultural abundance, Jhapa boasts rich biodiversity. The district is home to evergreen forests, dense woodlands, and a variety of vegetation, including Sal, Tik, Sisau, and Simal trees. These forests are not only vital for the environment but also house various species of animals, many of which can be spotted in Jhapa’s wildlife sanctuaries and wetland areas. However, these lush forests are under increasing pressure due to timber collection and population growth, presenting an ongoing challenge to conservation efforts.
The district’s climate is another unique feature, experiencing cold winters and hot summers, making it a destination that offers a range of experiences for travelers year-round.
Jhapa District is home to 10 local level governments (municipalities and rural municipalities). These are:
Mechinagar Municipality
Damak Municipality
Kankai Municipality
Bhadrapur Municipality
Arjun Dhara Municipality
Shivasatakshi Municipality
Gauradaha Municipality
Birtamod Municipality
Kamal Rural Municipality
Gauriganj Rural Municipality
Barhadashi Rural Municipality
Jhapa Rural Municipality
Buddha Shanti Rural Municipality
Haldibari Rural Municipality
Kachankawal Rural Municipality
Total Population of Jhapa district. (Source: National Population and Housing Census 2021)
Mechinagar Municipality is the largest municipality in the country by population. Often referred to as the “gateway to Eastern Nepal,” Mechinagar is a vital economic and commercial hub of the region. It was officially declared a municipality in 1996 (2053 in the Nepali calendar), and since then, it has grown into a key player in Nepal’s eastern trade and industry.
Mechinagar is strategically connected by two major highways—the East-West Mahendra Highway and the Mechi Highway—which link the municipality to other parts of Nepal and India. This accessibility makes it a prominent commercial center, with trade flowing both across the border and within Nepal. The municipality was formed in 2017 after merging the previous local bodies of Mechinagar Municipality and several neighboring villages, including Jyamirgadhi, Dhaijan, Bahundangi, and Duwagadhi.
The name Mechinagar comes from the Mechi River, which flows through the area. The municipality is home to a diverse mix of ethnic groups and religious communities, including Hindus, Buddhists, and Christians. This cultural diversity is reflected in the local traditions, festivals, and languages. Nepali is the primary language spoken, while festivals like Dashain, Tihar, Holi, Gaijatra, Lhosar, Eid, and Makar Sankranti are celebrated by the people of various faiths, showcasing the rich cultural fabric of Mechinagar.
Mechinagar offers excellent potential for agriculture, livestock farming, and industrial activities. The fertile land, combined with its strategic location, makes it ideal for trade and commerce. The municipality is known for its agricultural products and has the potential to develop further in the industrial and trade sectors.
Mechinagar Municipality is bordered by India to the east, Arjun Dhara and Birtamod Municipality to the west, Buddhashanti Municipality and Ilam District to the north, and Bhadrapur Municipality to the south. Covering a total area of 192.85 square kilometers, Mechinagar is positioned between 26°33’23” to 26°48’20” north latitude and 88°02′ to 88°11’26” east longitude. Its proximity to the India-Nepal border, along with its location on the longest east-west highway in the country, highlights its role as a key entry point to Nepal.
Mechinagar is approximately 475 kilometers southeast of Kathmandu and about 115 kilometers from Biratnagar, the nearest major city. The municipality is 19 kilometers from the district headquarters, Chandragadhi, making it easily accessible for both domestic and international travelers.
Damak Municipality stands as a vibrant and diverse cultural hub in Eastern Nepal. It shares its borders with Chulachuli Municipality to the north in Ilam district, Gauradaha Municipality to the south, and various municipalities of Morang District, including Miklajung and Urlabari to the west. To the east, it neighbors both Chulachuli and Kamal municipalities.
Covering an area of 75.85 square kilometers, Damak is a melting pot of various ethnic communities. The municipality is home to a rich cultural diversity, with significant populations of Brahmins, Chhetris, Dhimals, Limbu, Rai, Magar, Satar, Rajbanshi, Kumal, Damai, Kami, Tamang, Gurung, Tharu, Muslims, Sunuwar, and Majhi ethnic groups. This diversity is reflected in the local traditions, festivals, and daily life, giving Damak a unique cultural identity.
Founded in 1982 as a municipality, Damak initially began as a town council with an area of 751.3 hectares. Following a restructuring in 2017, the municipality now comprises 10 wards, serving as a thriving center for local governance and administration.
The region has retained its historical charm, and one of its most notable traditions is the weekly Wednesday market, which has been a key part of the local economy and culture for many years. This bustling market is a great place for visitors to experience the authentic rural life of the area, with vendors selling everything from fresh produce to handicrafts.
Kankai Municipality is renowned for its rich history, religious significance, and natural beauty. The municipality derives its name from the sacred Kankai River, a key landmark in the region that holds immense importance for Hindu devotees. Before its official designation as a municipality, this area was known for the Surunga Village Development Committee, which was later incorporated into Kankai Municipality following a restructuring of local governance.
Spanning 79.1 square kilometers with an elevation reaching up to 300 meters, Kankai Municipality is home to a population of 53,088 people. This area is especially unique as Nepal’s first municipality to be free of electric transmission lines, and it enforces a ban on certain industries, adding to its peaceful and serene environment.
Kankai’s geographical location is also notable, nestled between the Biratnagar and Arjunadhara municipalities to the east, and bordered by Ilam’s Mai Municipality to the north. To the south, it shares its limits with Jhapa and Bhadrapur municipalities, making it a strategic point for cultural and commercial exchange in the region.
The municipality’s centerpiece, the Kankai River, is deeply revered in Hinduism, making it an essential site for religious pilgrims and tourists alike. The river is central to the local identity, and its banks host various cultural and religious festivals, attracting visitors from both Nepal and neighboring India.
Population by sex and 5-year age group in Jhapa district. (Source: National Population and Housing Census 2021)
Nestled in the eastern Tarai region of Nepal, Bhadrapur Municipality stands as a city rich in history, culture, and potential for growth. This municipality, with its strategic location and cultural heritage, has long been an important center for trade and commerce, earning it the title of “The Commercial Gateway to the Eastern Region.”
Historically, Bhadrapur traces its roots back to the unification of Chandra Gadhi, Maheshpur, and Prithvinagar VDCs in 2014, marking the beginning of its transformation into a municipality. Bhadrapur’s development has been propelled by the confluence of its geographical significance, historical landmarks, and vibrant culture.
Geographically, Bhadrapur is situated at an elevation of 68 meters to 113 meters above sea level. It is strategically located between India’s West Bengal and Bihar provinces to the east and is bordered by Biratnagar, Haldibari, and Mechinagar municipalities. The Mechi River and Deuniya Khola basins provide fertile and irrigated land, making the region a potential hub for agricultural development and urban expansion. The presence of the Mechi Highway further enhances Bhadrapur’s role as a trade center.
Bhadrapur is a melting pot of diverse cultures, home to various ethnic groups such as the Rajbanshi, Majhi, Santhal, and others. The municipality is also renowned for its multi-faith traditions, with Hindu, Buddhist, and other communities coexisting harmoniously. Key religious sites include the historical Chandra Gadhi fort, the ancient Kichakbadhi from the Dwapar Yuga, and Kamaldhap, a multi-religious pilgrimage site.
As a historical town and a center for governance, Bhadrapur has its share of landmarks that tell the story of its rich past. From ancient forts and temples to the lush green landscapes along the Mechi River, Bhadrapur offers a blend of cultural heritage and natural beauty. The region is poised to play a major role in the development of the Jhapa District and Province 1, with the municipality serving as the provincial center for education, health, and infrastructure. The establishment of the Province-level Hospital, the international airport, and a variety of training centers add to Bhadrapur’s status as an important regional city.
Located in the northern central part of Jhapa district, Arjun Dhara Municipality is a region steeped in history, spirituality, and natural beauty. This municipality is home to significant historical and cultural sites, making it a prominent destination in the eastern part of Nepal.
The municipality is known for its sacred sites, including the Shahid Shahadat Sthal in Khudunabari, the historic Shanishchare Bazaar, and the spiritual center of Pashupatinath of the East, located in Arjun Dhara. These locations have long been recognized for their importance to the local community, both culturally and religiously. Arjun Dhara Municipality covers a total area of 109.86 square kilometers and is situated at an altitude of 26.68 degrees latitude and 87.99 degrees longitude. With a population of 63,815, it has a male population of 31,492 and a female population of 32,323. It lies just 23 kilometers north of the district headquarters, Bhadrapur, and is surrounded by several notable regions, including Buddha Shanti and Mechi Municipality to the east, Kankai Municipality and Mai Municipality of Ilam to the west, Biratnagar Municipality to the south, and Rong Village of Ilam to the north.
Arjun Dhara Municipality is not only known for its cultural and historical significance but also for its spiritual landmarks. The region is the origin of the Sukhani Shahadat Sthal, an important site for the Jhapa Movement, which marks the struggles of the local community. The sacred Shankracharya Peeth at Sadhutar, one of Nepal’s only centers of the Shankaracharya tradition, adds to the spiritual importance of this region. Arjun Dhara, named after the region’s holy significance, has long been a hub for Hindu devotees.
The municipality is also home to several natural wonders, including Virging Khola (a river that divides the region) and the rich community forests that have been essential to the livelihoods of local residents for generations. The municipality’s historic Shanishchare Bazaar, which has been in existence for over a century, is a testament to the area’s vibrant trading culture and continues to serve as a marketplace for the community.
The region’s diverse history also includes the settlement of Bhutanese refugees for nearly 18 years, adding another layer of cultural depth to the municipality.
Nestled in the eastern region of Nepal, Shivasatakshi Municipality is a tranquil and scenic destination offering a blend of spirituality, culture, and natural beauty. With a total area of 145.48 square kilometers and a population of 74,366, according to the 2075 household survey, this municipality is a unique and peaceful escape from the hustle and bustle of urban life.
Shivasatakshi Municipality comprises 11 wards, which were formerly part of different village development committees (VDCs). Wards 1, 2, and 3 were part of Dharmapur, while Wards 4 and 5 were part of Panchgachhi. Wards 6 and 7 were from Shivganj, and Wards 8 to 11 are from Satasidham.
The municipality is located in a strategic position, bordered by Kankai Municipality to the east, Ilam District to the north, Kamal Municipality to the west, and Jhapa Municipality and Gauriganj Municipality to the south.
Shivasatakshi is renowned for its religious and cultural significance, with important landmarks such as the Sataksidham Religious Area and the Domukha Tourism Zone. The region is also home to historical sites like Chillagadh, a cultural treasure, and a number of temples, monasteries, and stupas that attract pilgrims and tourists alike.
In addition to its spiritual and cultural heritage, the municipality is rich in natural beauty. Visitors can enjoy serene landscapes featuring rivers, canals, ponds, wetlands, and lush forests that add to the area’s charm. The picturesque surroundings offer a peaceful environment perfect for those seeking relaxation and a deeper connection with nature.
Though Shivasatakshi Municipality may not yet boast the same infrastructure as some other regions, its untapped potential is evident. The combination of its natural beauty, cultural sites, and rich history makes it an emerging tourism hotspot. With the development of better infrastructure, this municipality has the potential to become one of Nepal’s most sought-after destinations for spiritual and nature-based tourism.
Situated 10 kilometers south of the East-West Highway in the eastern region of Nepal, Gauradaha Municipality is a promising destination that offers a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural significance. Located in the heart of Jhapa District between Damak Municipality and Gauriganj, Gauradaha spans an area of 149.86 square kilometers and is home to a vibrant community with great potential for development.
Gauradaha was established by incorporating four village development committees: Maharani Jhoda, Juro Pani, Kohwra, and Gauradaha, along with the addition of Baigundhara VDC as per the decision of the government of Nepal. The municipality is divided into 9 wards, each offering unique cultural and natural attractions.
Sex ratio, population density, and annual population growth rate in Jhapa district. (Source National Population and Housing Census 2021)
Located just 100 kilometers from the bustling city of Biratnagar and approximately 18 kilometers from the district headquarter of Bhadrapur, Birtamod Municipality stands as a key gateway to Eastern Nepal. Situated in the heart of Jhapa District, this rapidly urbanizing municipality is a hub for commerce, making it an increasingly important economic center in the region.
Birtamod lies at the crossroads of several neighboring municipalities, with Arjundhara Municipality to the north, Mechinagar Municipality to the east, Haldibari and Baudreshi Rural Municipalities to the south, and Kankai Municipality to the west. This strategic location along with the swift pace of urbanization makes Birtamod a focal point for trade, development, and modern urban living.
The municipality covers a total area of 78.24 square kilometers and is home to a population of 146,795 across 23,477 households. The administrative center of Birtamod is located in Birtabazar, which serves as the commercial and cultural heart of the municipality. With a geographical spread between 26°63’79” North Latitude and 78°94’59” East Longitude, it enjoys a unique location that draws travelers and traders alike.
As Birtamod continues to urbanize, it is becoming a more prominent destination for visitors, offering a combination of modern infrastructure and the rich cultural heritage of Eastern Nepal. The bustling markets and lively atmosphere offer an authentic glimpse into daily life in this rapidly developing area. Its proximity to key commercial hubs like Biratnagar further enhances its significance.
Nestled in the heart of Jhapa District, Kamal Rural Municipality offers an intriguing mix of natural beauty, cultural diversity, and traditional Nepalese life. Situated in the easternmost part of Nepal, Kamal’s geographical location is surrounded by picturesque landscapes. To the north lies the serene Ilam District, while the south is bordered by the bustling Gauradaha Municipality and Gauriganj Rural Municipality. To the west, the vibrant town of Damak Municipality lies across the Ratwa River, and to the east, Shivasatakshi Municipality offers another cultural hub.
Spanning across a total area of 104.59 square kilometers, Kamal Rural Municipality is made up of two former village development committees (VDCs), Topgachhi (64.6 square kilometers) and Lakhanpur (39.99 square kilometers).
According to the 2021 national census, Kamal has a population of 53,894 people, with 25,426 men and 28,468 women. The population is composed of a variety of ethnic communities, with a rich cultural blend of Brahmin, Chhetri, Limbu, Rai, Damai, Kami, Dhimal, Salthal, Tajpuria, Magar, Rajbanshi, Tamang, Gurung, Yakkha, and Maji communities, each contributing their unique traditions, languages, and festivals to the area.
Kamal’s diverse population and scenic landscape offer a wonderful mix of nature and culture. Visitors to Kamal can explore its vibrant local festivals, enjoy scenic views of the surrounding hills, rivers, and fields, and experience the warmth of its communities. The area offers opportunities for eco-tourism, cultural exploration, and rural tourism, making it an ideal destination for those seeking an authentic and peaceful escape in eastern Nepal.
Located in the southern part of Jhapa District, Gauriganj Rural Municipality is a serene and culturally rich area offering an authentic rural experience. The municipality is home to a diverse population, with various ethnic groups and religious communities residing in harmony. The southern region is predominantly inhabited by indigenous communities, while the central and northern areas have a higher concentration of other ethnic groups.
The majority of the population in Gauriganj is engaged in agriculture, with some individuals also involved in trade and business activities. The rural charm of this region, combined with its vibrant community life, offers visitors a glimpse into the traditional lifestyles of the local people.
Gauriganj borders the neighboring country of India to the south, while the Gauriganj and Khajurgachhi markets are situated in the northwestern part of the municipality, offering easy access to commercial and trade hubs.
The rural municipality is equipped with educational and healthcare facilities to support its community. There are a total of 25 community schools, 20 institutional schools, and 2 madrasas. In terms of healthcare, Gauriganj is served by one primary health center, two health posts, and one sub-health post, ensuring that the local population has access to essential medical services.
While Gauriganj may not have a booming industrial sector, it does feature several small-scale and home-based industries, contributing to the local economy and offering unique artisanal products.
Nestled in the southern region of Jhapa District, Barhadashi Rural Municipality is bordered by Kachankawal Rural Municipality to the south, Haldibari Rural Municipality to the east, Birtamode and Kanakai Municipalities to the north, and Jhapa Rural Municipality to the west, all of which are connected to vast plains. The municipality sits at an elevation between 77 meters and 123 meters above sea level, offering a comfortable climate.
The municipality covers a total area of 80.04 km² and has a population of 39,622 people. It is divided into 7 wards: Rajgadh (Wards 1, 2, 3) in the south, Chakchaki (Wards 4, 5) in the middle, and Dagibari (Wards 6, 7) in the north. The population is a mix of various ethnicities and religious groups, with the southern part predominantly home to indigenous communities, while the middle and northern regions are inhabited by other ethnic groups. Agriculture is the main occupation of the locals, with some also engaged in trade and commerce.
For those interested in exploring local markets, Barhadashi has vibrant marketplaces in each region. Rajgadh Bazaar in the south, Chakchaki Bazaar in the center, and Dagibari Bazaar in the north all offer a taste of the region’s local life, with a range of goods and traditional crafts available for visitors.
The municipality takes pride in its educational and healthcare facilities. There are a total of 16 community schools and 13 institutional schools that provide accessible education to children. In addition, there are 5 health posts ensuring local residents have easy access to medical care.
Transportation in Barhadashi is well-developed, with a network of 325 road sections, including major highways and local roads. The municipality’s roads total 384 kilometers, with 6 kilometers of blacktopped roads, 124 kilometers of gravel roads, and 253 kilometers of earthen roads, making travel within the area easy and convenient for the locals.
Marital status in Jhapa district. (Source: National Population and Housing Census 2021)
Located in the southeastern part of Jhapa District, Jhapa Rural Municipality is a charming and serene destination that offers a deep connection to nature and culture. With its scenic landscapes, rich history, and vibrant communities, this rural municipality is an ideal place for travelers seeking a peaceful getaway in Eastern Nepal.
The name “Jhapa” has intriguing origins, stemming from the Rajbanshi language spoken by the indigenous communities in the region. According to local tradition, “Jhapa” means “covering” or “shield,” referencing the dense forests and jungles that once enveloped the area for centuries, protecting the land and giving rise to its name.
Jhapa Rural Municipality covers an area of 94.12 square kilometers and is divided into 7 wards. Geographically, it is bordered by Barhadashi Rural Municipality to the east, Gaurigunj Rural Municipality to the west, and Shivasatakshi Municipality to the north. To the south, it shares a border with Bihar, India.
The municipality is predominantly flat, with the terrain gradually descending from the higher areas around Surunga towards the south. Elevations range from 70 meters to 100 meters above sea level. This region, nestled between the Kankai River and the Biring Stream, features fertile land made up of sand, stones, and gravel deposited by the rivers over time. This natural foundation contributes to the area’s agricultural productivity and stunning landscape.
Jhapa Rural Municipality is home to a diverse mix of communities, with various ethnic groups residing here. However, the Santhal community, an indigenous group, has a prominent presence in the area. The rich cultural heritage of these communities is reflected in their traditional practices, languages, and festivals.
Agriculture and livestock farming are the primary occupations of most residents, providing a foundation for their livelihoods. Despite the agricultural abundance, many families in the region face economic challenges and belong to lower-income or middle-class backgrounds. While basic education is available locally, students often need to travel outside the municipality for higher education.
Health services have also been a challenge, with limited facilities available in the area. However, efforts are underway to address this, including the construction of a new 15-bed hospital as part of ongoing development initiatives.
Jhapa Rural Municipality is primarily agricultural, but it also offers vast opportunities for youth in agricultural enterprises and skill-based training programs. There is significant potential for creating jobs through agriculture-related ventures, such as organic farming, agro-processing, and rural tourism. These initiatives could help reduce unemployment and empower the local youth, giving them the tools they need to build a better future while staying connected to their roots.
Nestled in the northeastern part of Jhapa District, Buddha Shanti Rural Municipality is a picturesque and vibrant destination that blends the best of nature, culture, and agriculture. With its lush landscapes, rich agricultural heritage, and peaceful communities, it offers an authentic experience for travelers seeking a tranquil escape in eastern Nepal.
Covering an area of 79.78 square kilometers, Buddha Shanti Rural Municipality is divided into 7 wards. The municipality is bordered by Mechinagar Municipality to the east, Arjun Dhara Municipality to the west, the Ilam District to the north, and Mechinagar and Arjun Dhara Municipalities to the south. The municipality’s administrative office is situated at the Budhbare Chowk, located on the Mechi Highway, which connects Mechinagar Municipality in Jhapa to Rong Rural Municipality in Ilam.
Buddha Shanti is known for its traditional weekly markets, such as the Budhbare Bazaar, held every Wednesday. This bustling market still thrives today, attracting locals who come together for vibrant shopping and trading, maintaining a deep-rooted cultural tradition. It’s the heart of commerce in the region and a perfect spot for visitors to experience the local way of life.
The municipality is famous for its rice cultivation, with fertile soil that supports a variety of crops. Local farmers also grow betel nuts, coconuts, tea, corn, and other agricultural products. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in animal husbandry, with many farmers raising cattle, chickens, goats, and pigs, earning significant profits from livestock farming.
The area’s agricultural richness has contributed to the local economy and offers visitors a chance to learn about rural farming life and experience the authentic rural charm of Nepal.
Buddha Shanti Rural Municipality is embracing the challenges of urbanization while staying true to its cultural roots. The local government and residents are working together to develop the area into a modern urban center, focusing on the growth of economic, social, cultural, educational, and tourism sectors. With a strong commitment to development, Buddha Shanti is poised to become a key urban hub in the near future.
The peaceful coexistence of diverse ethnic groups, religions, and professions has fostered a culture of religious tolerance and unity in the community. This harmonious environment, combined with the area’s natural beauty and welcoming people, makes Buddha Shanti a potential hotspot for both domestic and international tourists.
The climate of Buddha Shanti is a unique blend of the cool mountain air and the warm, tropical breeze from the plains, creating an ideal environment for both residents and visitors. With its natural beauty and commitment to promoting religious harmony, Buddha Shanti is emerging as a perfect tourist destination.
One of the key attractions in the municipality is the Dharagola View Tower in Ward No. 7, which is currently under construction. The tower promises breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes, including the scenic vistas of Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, and parts of India. This spot is set to become a prime location for both domestic and international tourists, offering a picturesque view of the region’s natural beauty.
Buddha Shanti Rural Municipality is actively working to transform this area into a major tourist destination, attracting both domestic and international visitors. With its warm community, beautiful landscapes, and cultural richness, Buddha Shanti is quickly becoming one of the must-visit places in Eastern Nepal.
The average age of first marriage in Jhapa District. (Source: National Population and Housing Census 2021)
Haldibari Rural Municipality is located in the southeastern region of Jhapa District, within the Koshi Province of Nepal. Geographically, it is bordered by Kachankawal Rural Municipality to the south, Bhadrapur Municipality to the east, Birtamod Municipality to the north, and Barhadashi Rural Municipality to the west, connecting to the surrounding fertile plains.
The municipality spans a total area of 117.34 square kilometers and is divided into several administrative wards. It encompasses diverse landscapes, offering a mix of flatlands and rich agricultural regions.
Haldibari is home to a diverse population, with various ethnic groups and religious communities living harmoniously. The majority of the population is involved in agriculture, while a smaller portion is engaged in trade and business. This mix of livelihoods contributes to the area’s vibrant community life.
The municipality boasts 17 community schools and 12 institutional schools, which play a vital role in providing accessible education to children within the region. These institutions make education widely available to the younger population, fostering community development through knowledge and skill-building.
Haldibari Rural Municipality is committed to providing essential health services to its residents. The municipality is home to the Haldibari Basic Hospital, which offers accessible medical care to citizens. Additionally, there are three health posts and two basic health centers that serve the community, ensuring healthcare is available in both urban and rural areas of the municipality.
The primary occupation in Haldibari is agriculture, which drives the local economy. However, small-scale industries are relatively few in the area. The focus remains on agriculture, with many locals engaged in crop farming and livestock husbandry.
Haldibari is rich in natural beauty and holds significant tourism potential. The municipality is home to the Charkose Jungle in wards 3, 4, and 5, a biodiverse wetland forest that provides a habitat for various species. This area is recognized for its ecological importance and could serve as a key site for eco-tourism. Furthermore, the ongoing construction of the Shahid Smriti Loktantrik Park in Ward 2 and the Bhelagudi area offers great promise for promoting tourism in the region. These attractions are expected to boost the local economy and promote the municipality as a peaceful destination for nature lovers and cultural explorers.
While the municipality is progressing in various sectors, the number of small industries remains limited. However, with its natural resources, diverse wildlife, and ongoing infrastructural projects, there are significant opportunities for growth in tourism, agriculture, and local industries. The municipality is focused on sustainable development and the improvement of essential services, with the goal of making Haldibari a thriving, well-connected community.
Haldbari Rural Municipality is a beautiful blend of agricultural abundance, cultural diversity, and emerging tourism potential. With its strategic location, ongoing infrastructure developments, and commitment to community welfare, Haldibari is poised for growth and offers a promising future for both its residents and visitors. The municipality’s dedication to improving education, healthcare, and environmental conservation will further enhance its reputation as an attractive place for sustainable tourism and local development.
Kachankawal Rural Municipality is located in the southern part of Jhapa District, Nepal. The name of the municipality comes from a low-lying area called “Kechana,” which is situated at an elevation of 70 meters above sea level. Covering an area of 109.6 square kilometers, Kachankawal is part of the Terai region and lies at an elevation ranging from 58 meters to 102 meters above sea level. It makes up 0.0743% of Nepal’s total area and 6.75% of Jhapa District’s total land area.
The boundaries of Kachankawal are defined by India to the east and south, Barhadashi Rural Municipality and India to the west, and Haldibari Rural Municipality and Bhadrapur Municipality to the north. The municipality’s land is mainly flat, making it highly suitable for agricultural activities.
Kachankawal enjoys a tropical climate, with hot summers where the temperature can reach up to 36°C, and mild winters where temperatures drop to around 10°C. The monsoon season, from May to September, brings an average of 138 cm of rainfall, which supports agricultural productivity. Rice and maize are the main crops grown in the region.
The municipality is home to a diverse population, including various ethnic and religious communities. People from all regions of Nepal, as well as neighboring areas, live here. The cultural diversity is reflected in the wide range of religious beliefs practiced, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Kirat, and Christianity. Major Hindu festivals such as Dashain, Tihar, Teej, and many others are celebrated with much enthusiasm. The Buddhist community celebrates Buddha Jayanti and Lhosar, while different ethnic groups celebrate their own traditional festivals.
Agriculture remains the primary source of livelihood for the people of Kachankawal, with many engaged in farming. The favorable climate and fertile soil make it ideal for crop production, especially rice and maize. The rural economy also includes some small businesses and trade. While agriculture is the dominant sector, there are prospects for expanding other industries, including small-scale enterprises and tourism in the future.
Jamunkhadi Wetland: A Sanctuary for Nature and Adventure
For nature lovers, Jamunkhadi Wetland is one of the most captivating places in Jhapa. Situated in Kanakai Municipality and only 1 kilometer from the East-West Mahendra Highway, Jamunkhadi is one of the most successful examples of sustainable tourism in the region. Spanning 34 hectares, this wetland is a popular tourist destination, attracting approximately 1,000 visitors daily.
The wetlands are not just a beautiful escape into nature but also a thriving ecosystem. The Jamuna Pond, located at the center of the wetland, is a focal point for visitors. The pond, which spans a 4-bigha area, is a great place for boat rides and wildlife observation. For those who enjoy wildlife, the mini zoo at Jamunkhadi is a must-see. Here, you can spot animals like tigers, deer, ostriches, and rabbits, as well as reptiles like pythons. It’s a great place for families and kids to learn about animals and their habitats.
Jamunkhadi also offers picnic spots with ample space to accommodate over 200 people, making it an ideal venue for group activities. If you’re looking to connect with nature, you can enjoy leisurely walks along the beautiful paths or relax near the serene waters. In addition to its natural beauty, the area is also culturally rich, with historical sites like the Ganga-Jamuna ponds, which are believed to be the source of the Jamuna River. The wetland was established in 1995 and officially developed in 2003, and it has since become a tourism hotspot, contributing significantly to the local economy.
Sukhani Memorial Park: A Blend of History and Nature
For those interested in Nepal’s freedom struggle, Sukhani Memorial Park in Arjundhara Municipality is an essential stop. The park is dedicated to the memory of five martyrs who played key roles in the Jhapa Revolt during the 1970s. This revolt was pivotal in the political and social history of Nepal, and the park serves as a tribute to these brave individuals.
Spanning 22 hectares, the park combines recreational activities with educational opportunities. Visitors can stroll along the beautifully constructed walking paths, admire the statues of the five martyrs, or relax by the large pond where boating is available. The park is home to a Turtle Rescue and Breeding Center, where visitors can learn about the conservation efforts taking place to protect local wildlife. The park’s combination of history, nature, and conservation efforts makes it a unique destination for visitors looking for a meaningful experience.
The park is also gaining popularity as a tourist destination, with hundreds of visitors flocking to the site each day. The peaceful atmosphere and serene surroundings make it a perfect spot for picnics, family outings, or educational trips for schools and institutions.
Budhabare, Jhapa/File Photo
Arjundhara-Jaleshwar Dham: A Spiritual Pilgrimage
In addition to its natural beauty, Jhapa is also home to some significant religious and cultural sites. Arjundhara-Jaleshwar Dham, located 5 kilometers north of Birtamod, is one such site. It is believed that the site has historical ties to the Mahabharata, particularly the legend of Arjun, one of the Pandava brothers. The pond at the temple is said to have formed after Arjun shot an arrow, which is reflected in the site’s current pond.
The temple at Arjundhara-Jaleshwar Dham is a major pilgrimage site for Hindus, especially during Shivaratri, Balachaturdashi, and Mondays in the month of Shrawan. The temple attracts not only Nepali pilgrims but also visitors from neighboring countries such as India, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. Visitors to the site can enjoy the peaceful atmosphere and explore the various statues of deities, including Shiva, Nag, Hanuman, and Saraswati. The temple complex also includes a yagna hall where religious ceremonies are conducted.
Basbari Wetland: A Hidden Gem
Located in Mechinagar Municipality-11, Basbari Wetland is one of the best-kept secrets of Jhapa. Recognized as one of the top 100 tourist areas by the Nepal Tourism Board, this wetland offers a range of activities for visitors, from boating to wildlife observation, to simply relaxing by the fountain. The area has been developed as a fully organized tourist spot, thanks to the combined efforts of the local forest committees, municipality, and the Ministry of Tourism.
The wildlife zoo, the garden, and the picnic spots can accommodate up to 100 groups at a time, making it an excellent choice for family outings and group events. The various animal statues, including elephants and dinosaurs, make it an ideal location for family-friendly adventures. The wetland receives around 10,000 tourists per month, making it one of the most popular natural attractions in the district.
Bhelagadhi Forest Park: Embracing Nature’s Beauty
If you love hiking and immersing yourself in nature, the Bhelagadhi Forest Park in Haldibari Municipality is a must-visit. This community forest is in the process of becoming a significant tourist site, with several upgrades underway to improve facilities for visitors. The 185-foot-long wooden bridge and solar-powered lights are just some of the features being added to enhance the visitor experience.
The forest spans 19.7 hectares and is home to various tree species, including Sal, Tik, and Jamun. Visitors can take a peaceful walk through the forest, enjoying the natural beauty while observing various species of fish and other wildlife. The park is a great spot for those seeking tranquility and a chance to reconnect with nature.
Kechanakawal: The Lowest Point in Nepal
For a unique experience, make your way to Kechanakawal in Kechanakawal Rural Municipality, located just 58 meters above sea level—the lowest point in Nepal. This southeastern corner of Jhapa offers a fascinating look at Nepal’s geography, and the area is rich in folklore and history. Legend has it that Bhima of the Mahabharata searched for the ponds built by King Virata’s generals after killing Kichaka. These ponds are still present today and are an interesting feature of the area.
Though Kechanakawal has yet to receive the attention it deserves on the national stage, it offers a unique opportunity to explore Nepal’s geographical diversity. A 20-foot tortoise-shaped pillar, erected during King Birendra Shah’s visit, stands as a monument to this extraordinary location.
The Growing Potential of Jhapa as a Tourist Hub
With over two dozen renowned tourist and religious spots, Jhapa holds great promise as a future tourist hub. Its unique blend of nature, culture, history, and spirituality creates a multifaceted destination that appeals to a wide range of travelers. The district has the potential to play a significant role in the development of Nepal’s tourism industry, benefiting local communities and boosting the economy.
The district’s rich biodiversity, pristine wetlands, sacred temples, and scenic parks all provide unforgettable experiences for visitors. As Jhapa continues to develop its tourism infrastructure, the district will undoubtedly become a premier destination for tourists seeking an authentic, culturally rich, and natural experience.
From the serene wetlands of Jamunkhadi to the spiritual sanctuaries of Arjundhara-Jaleshwar Dham, Jhapa is a district full of hidden treasures. The blend of nature, history, and religion creates a unique destination that is set to become one of Nepal’s most visited spots. Whether you’re an adventurer, a history buff, a spiritual seeker, or simply someone looking to enjoy beautiful landscapes, Jhapa has something for everyone.
