Diagnosis and treatment of cancer possible: Study

Cancer is not incurable anymore. Nevertheless, according to statistics released by Statistics Korea last year, cancer remained the primary cause of mortality in Korea in 2021. This highlights the ongoing struggle against cancer, which demands effective prevention measures, timely diagnosis, and prompt intervention through effective treatment. However, the question remains whether it is feasible to provide treatment promptly upon diagnosis.

A POSTECH research team led by Professor Young Tae Chang (Department of Chemistry) and Research Professor Nam-Young Kang (Department of Convergence IT Engineering) collaborated with researchers at A*STAR in Singapore to determine the ability of fluorescent probe for tumour-initiating cell yellow (TiY) to stain the cells responsible for tumour growth and simultaneously suppress the development of those cells. The empirical data of the research was published in the journal Theranostics, which covers treatment, diagnosis, and personalised medicine.

In their previous study, the research team developed a fluorescent probe TiY with the ability to selectively identify and detect tumour-initiating cells (TICs), much like a fluorescent highlighter. Building upon this accomplishment, the team has conducted research to explore the potential of TiY for cancer treatment.

In the present study, the team observed changes in cancer stem cells in response to different concentrations of TiY. The team obtained cancer stem cells from patients with lung cancer and transplanted them into mice for experimental purposes. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effects of TiY staining, the team gradually increased the dose of TiY administered to the mice via intravenous injection in their tests.

When exposed to a low concentration, TiY has been demonstrated to have the ability to stain cancer stem cells. However, as the concentration of TiY increases, it exhibits the remarkable ability to effectively inhibit the growth of cancer stem cells, leading to their substantial destruction. This selective targeting and treatment are made possible by the mechanism of TiY molecules, which have the capacity to selectively bind themselves to vimentin, a muscle-specific protein that is a component of the cytoskeleton of cancer stem cells, thus allowing TiY to specifically target and inhibit these cells of growth.

Current cancer treatments often fail to achieve complete tumour removal, as cancer cells can be metastasized to other organs or recur. Given the challenge, TiY presents a promising approach to cancer treatment as it can facilitate both diagnosis and treatment in a single step.

This study was conducted with the support of the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Education, the Mid-career Researcher Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea, the Institute of Basic Science, and the NMRC in Singapore.