KATHMANDU: Nepal holds the distinguished title of being the largest contributor of troops to United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions worldwide. As of March, 2025, the Nepali Army has deployed personnel across 11 missions globally, reaffirming its commitment to international peace and security. With a total of 5,912 soldiers, including 621 female personnel, Nepal’s peacekeeping efforts remain unparalleled. The country has pledged to provide up to 10,000 peacekeepers should the UN require additional support.

Nepal’s participation in UN peacekeeping began in 1958 with the deployment of five observers of Nepali Army to the United Nations Observer Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL). Since then, the country has served in over 44 missions, contributing more than 158,174 personnel. The first full battalion deployment took place in 1974 when the Purano Gorakh Battalion was sent to Egypt for the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF-II).

Over the decades, Nepal has consistently provided leadership in peacekeeping, with several senior Nepali military officials serving in top UN peacekeeping roles. The country has also suffered losses in its commitment to peace, with 73 personnel sacrificing their lives and 69 being injured while serving in conflict zones.

Nepal’s blue helmets have stood as symbols of unwavering commitment, not only in the pursuit of peace but also in critical humanitarian efforts across the globe. From education to healthcare, Nepali peacekeepers have been playing a commendable role in transforming the landscapes they serve. Their contributions extend far beyond the traditional scope of military operations, demonstrating the profound impact of Nepal’s dedication to global peace and stability. Here’s everything you need to know about Nepal’s role in UN Peacekeeping:

Why is Nepal the largest troop-contributing country to UN peacekeeping?

Nepal has a longstanding tradition of military service and a strong commitment to global peace. The country’s reputation for producing disciplined and courageous soldiers, particularly the famed Gurkhas, has made it a preferred contributor to UN peacekeeping missions. Additionally, Nepal views peacekeeping as an opportunity to support international stability and gain diplomatic influence on the global stage.

How many Nepali troops are currently deployed in UN peacekeeping missions?

As of March 17, 2025, Nepal has 5,912 troops deployed across 11 UN missions worldwide. This includes 621 female personnel, representing a growing focus on gender inclusion in peacekeeping efforts.

In which countries are Nepali peacekeepers currently deployed?

Nepali peacekeepers are currently deployed in conflict zones across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The largest deployments include:
• Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO) – 1,146 troops
• South Sudan (UNMISS) – 1,756 troops
• Central African Republic (MINUSCA) – 1,244 troops
• Lebanon (UNIFIL) – 877 troops
• Syria (UNDOF) – 448 troops

What types of roles do Nepali Army peacekeepers perform?

Nepali peacekeepers serve in various roles, including:
• Infantry Battalions – Providing security and stabilization
• Engineers – Building infrastructure and clearing explosive remnants
• Medical Teams – Offering healthcare services in conflict zones
• Military Police – Ensuring discipline within UN missions
• Special Forces Contingents – Handling high-risk security situations

What is Nepal’s policy on women in peacekeeping?

Nepali Army actively promotes the participation of women in peacekeeping. Currently, 10.42% of Nepali contingent troops are women, and 14.19% of Nepali military observers/staff officers are women. Nepal aims to further increase female participation in line with UN gender inclusion policies.

How does Nepali Army train its peacekeepers?

The Birendra Peace Operations Training Center in Panchkhal, Kavre district, is one of the leading peacekeeping training institutes in Asia. This center provides essential pre-deployment training for Nepali troops and also hosts international participants. In addition to troop contributions, Nepal financially supports UN peacekeeping operations by paying assessed contributions, which are calculated based on the country’s economic size. Nepali Army provides comprehensive training to Nepali troops before deployment. The center offers courses on:

• Conflict resolution and negotiation
• Human rights and protection of civilians
• Combat and self-defense tactics
• Cultural awareness and language training

Has Nepal suffered casualties in UN peacekeeping missions?
Yes. Nepal has lost 73 peacekeepers in service, while 69 have been injured in the line of duty. The country honors these soldiers as heroes who made the ultimate sacrifice for global peace.

What is the role of UN Peacekeeping and Nepal’s contributions to it?

UN Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools for assisting host countries in navigating the complex transition from conflict to peace. Its advantages include legitimacy, burden-sharing, and the ability to deploy and sustain troops and police from around the world, integrating them with civilian peacekeepers to tackle multifaceted missions.

Today’s multidimensional peacekeeping operations are tasked not only with maintaining peace and security but also with facilitating the political process, protecting civilians, supporting disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of former combatants, organizing elections, promoting human rights, strengthening democracy, and restoring the rule of law.
Peacekeeping is a dynamic process that evolves in response to new challenges. Given that UN Peacekeeping is often deployed in the most physically and politically challenging environments, success is never guaranteed. However, over its six decades of existence, UN Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO) have established a strong track record, even winning the Nobel Peace Prize.

Nepal is top troops contributor to UN peacekeeping missions. Nepali peacekeepers are renowned for their professionalism, dedication, impartiality, and commitment to the mandate. Internationally, Nepali peacekeepers have been praised for their steadfast efforts to restore peace, stability, and normalcy in conflict zones.

What are the challenges and contributions of UN Peacekeeping, and how does Nepal contribute?
UN peacekeeping missions play a crucial role in assisting conflict-torn countries by providing security and political support, facilitating the transition from conflict to lasting peace. Peacekeepers help establish conditions for long-term stability through a combination of security provision and peacebuilding assistance. The UN seeks full commitment from troop-contributing countries (TCCs) to enhance mission performance, though these countries often await instructions from their home governments before fully committing to the mission’s objectives.

A majority of peacekeepers come from developing and least-developed countries. These countries actively collaborate with the UN Secretariat to ensure the rapid deployment of well-trained and well-equipped troops. However, there has been a noticeable reluctance from troops from wealthier nations to cooperate with those from poorer countries in the field. This lack of collaboration can create operational inefficiencies in the mission zones.

The UN has recently adopted stricter standards and guidelines regarding conduct, discipline, human resource vetting, and military evaluations, all of which place an administrative burden on TCCs. As the nature of peacekeeping has evolved, the challenges faced by peacekeepers have grown. Attacks on peacekeepers, complex mandates, and uneven political support from the international community make the job of UN peacekeepers increasingly difficult. Moreover, the UN is pushing for the use of modern technology to improve performance, though there is a significant gap between the weapons used in training and those deployed in real combat situations.

Peacekeepers also face significant personal challenges, including acclimating to new cultures, dietary habits, and languages. The job is not simply about issuing mandates; it requires ongoing support for those working on the ground. Empowering these individuals is crucial for mission success. Another challenge is that wealthier nations are showing decreasing interest in contributing troops to UN peacekeeping efforts, leaving most contributors from developing countries. Despite this, leadership positions within peacekeeping missions are still largely held by the wealthier and more powerful nations. There’s a perception that third-world countries are incapable of providing leadership, but this is a misconception. Given the right opportunities, these nations can lead effectively and successfully complete difficult missions.

While some critics claim that third-world countries participate in peacekeeping for financial gain, it’s important to recognize the sacrifices they make. These countries often contribute significantly to peacekeeping efforts and their contributions are frequently overlooked. Nepal, as one of the top troop-contributing countries, exemplifies dedication, professionalism, and the ability to play a leadership role in peace operations despite these challenges.

What is the role of Nepal Police in UN peacekeeping operations, and what contributions have they made?

Nepal Police began its journey in UN peacekeeping service in March 1992 as a Civilian Police (CIVPOL) contingent during the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) mission in the former Yugoslavia. Since then, Nepal Police has actively contributed to multiple peacekeeping operations across various conflict-affected and post-conflict regions, playing a vital role in maintaining law and order, assisting local police forces, and supporting post-conflict reconstruction and governance. Over the years, Nepal Police personnel have served in missions such as UNTEAS (Slovenia), UNIPTE/UNMIBH (Bosnia), UNMIK (Kosovo), UNTAC (Cambodia), ONUMOZ (Mozambique), UNICTY (Netherlands), UNICTR (Rwanda), UNGCI/UNAMI (Iraq), UNMISIT/UNMID (East Timor), UN Afg. Desk (New York), MONUC/MONUSCO (Congo), UNAMA (Afghanistan), UNMIL (Liberia), UNMIH/MINUSTAH/MINUJUSTH (Haiti), UNMIS (Sudan), UNMISS (South Sudan), UNAMID (Darfur Sudan), UNOCI (Ivory Coast), UNSOM (Somalia), UN Logbase (Italy), MINUSMA (Mali), UNISFA (Abyei), UNITAMS (Sudan), UNFICYP (Cyprus), UNSMIL (Libya), and UN DPO (New York).

The personnel deployed in these missions serve in three primary capacities: Individual Police Officers (IPOs), Professional Position holders (P3/P4/P5/D1/D2), and Formed Police Units (FPU). To date, 5,530 Nepal Police personnel have been deployed in FPU contingents, 3,054 have served as IPOs, and 16 have held professional posts. In total, 8,600 police personnel have contributed to UN peacekeeping operations. Nepal Police continues its active engagement in key missions, currently serving in UNITAMS (Sudan), UNMISS (South Sudan), UNSOM (Somalia), MONUSCO (Congo), UNISFA (Abyei), UNFYCYP (Cyprus), UNMIK (Kosovo), UNSMIL (Libya), and UN DPO (New York).

Nepal Police has consistently accepted challenging assignments in some of the world’s most complex security environments. Their discipline, professionalism, and commitment to global peacekeeping efforts have earned widespread recognition. However, in the line of duty, Nepal Police has also made significant sacrifices, with 11 personnel losing their lives while serving under the UN flag and six others sustaining disabilities.

The Nepal Police peacekeeping section is led by a Superintendent of Police (SP), ensuring efficient management and coordination. Responsibilities are divided among specialized desks, including the IPOs/Global/Professional Desk, FPU Desk, and Administration Desk. The IPO/Global Desk is responsible for planning and preparing personnel for UN Assessment for Mission Service (AMS), overseeing nominations, rotations, and deployments, and monitoring performance in ongoing missions. The Professional Desk handles coordination for competency-based evaluations and deployment of police officers to professional posts. The FPU Desk ensures proper selection, pre-deployment training, and rotation of Formed Police Units in line with UN directives and standard operating procedures (SOPs). The Administration Desk oversees daily administrative matters, record management, and follow-ups on internal UN-related issues. Additionally, Nepal Police actively explores global vacancies and assists individual police personnel in securing positions that align with their professional expertise.

The peacekeeping efforts of Nepal Police are guided by well-defined legal and operational frameworks. Key documents include the Nepal Police UN Formed Police Unit (FPU) Selection Guideline/SOP-2077, Nepal Police Standing Order for Participation in United Nations Missions-2079, UN AMS SOP-2019, Assessment of Operational Capability of Formed Police Units for Service in UN Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions SOP, Policy on Formed Police Units in UN Peacekeeping Operations-2016, and the PCRS UN Guidelines. These policies ensure that Nepal Police maintains the highest standards in training, preparedness, and mission execution.

What missions has Armed Police Force, Nepal participated in, and what roles have they played?

The Armed Police Force (APF), Nepal, has played a crucial role in international peacekeeping operations under the banner of the United Nations since its first deployment in October 2002. Over the years, APF personnel have been actively involved in multiple UN missions across conflict-ridden and post-conflict nations, contributing to global peace, stability, and humanitarian efforts. Their commitment to upholding international security has been demonstrated through their service in some of the most volatile and challenging regions, including Iraq, Kosovo, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Haiti, Sudan, South Sudan, Darfur, Somalia, East Timor, and Cyprus. These deployments have solidified Nepal’s standing as a committed peacekeeping nation, with APF personnel serving in various capacities such as Formed Police Units (FPUs), Individual Police Officers (IPOs), advisors, instructors, monitors, and contingent members.

In their role as FPUs, APF personnel have been instrumental in maintaining law and order, conducting riot control, handling public disturbances, and ensuring the security of UN personnel, facilities, and humanitarian operations. Their ability to operate in high-risk environments and manage complex security challenges has been widely recognized. As IPOs, they have provided expertise in community policing, crime prevention, and capacity-building for local law enforcement agencies, contributing to the long-term stabilization and development of host nations. APF officers have also served as advisors and monitors, assisting in policy implementation, security sector reform, and governance transition in post-conflict states, playing a vital role in peacebuilding efforts.

Since its inception in UN peacekeeping, APF, Nepal, has steadily increased its participation, with a total of 8,084 personnel having served as part of FPU contingents, 885 officers having been deployed as IPOs, and four personnel having held professional posts in various missions until 2024. Despite facing significant challenges, including operating in hostile environments where threats from armed groups, insurgents, and criminal elements are prevalent, APF personnel have displayed unwavering dedication and resilience. Their contributions have not only enhanced Nepal’s reputation in international peacekeeping but have also reinforced the country’s commitment to global peace and security. APF, Nepal, continues to uphold its legacy of professionalism, discipline, and service under the UN flag, reflecting Nepal’s broader commitment to international peace and conflict resolution.

What is the Nepal’s human rights policy in UN peacekeeping?

The Nepali Army, Nepal Police and Armed Police Force adheres to a strict zero-tolerance policy regarding sexual abuse, exploitation, and any human rights violations by its peacekeepers. In line with UN guidelines on conduct and discipline, the Nepal Army ensures that all deployed personnel uphold the highest ethical standards, with particular emphasis on respecting the rights and dignity of all individuals.

Any allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse are taken with the utmost seriousness. The Commanding Officer holds primary responsibility for overseeing the conduct of troops under their command and ensuring strict adherence to these standards. Furthermore, all Nepal Army personnel receive comprehensive training before deployment. This includes education on military ethics, human rights, physical fitness, and other essential aspects to prepare them for their peacekeeping roles.

In terms of accountability, the Nepal Army operates an independent investigative body, with both the army and police cells empowered to conduct investigations into any reported incidents. While the Nepal Army has its internal processes for handling allegations for greater oversight to ensure that investigations are impartial and fully transparent.

Does Nepal benefit financially from peacekeeping?

While peacekeeping provides a source of income for Nepali troops, the primary motivation for participation is diplomatic and humanitarian. The Nepali government does receive some reimbursement from the UN for deployed troops, but these funds are used primarily to support military training and infrastructure.

What are some of the most challenging missions Nepal has participated in?

Nepali peacekeepers have served in some of the most volatile regions, including:
• Rwanda (1994 Genocide Response)
• Haiti (Post-Earthquake Stabilization)
• South Sudan (Ongoing Civil War)
• Democratic Republic of Congo (Conflict with Rebel Groups)

What are the contributions of the Nepali Army in UN Peace Support Operations?

The Nepali Army has made significant contributions to United Nations Peace Support Operations, participating in various missions worldwide since 1958. Their involvement began with UNOGIL in Lebanon as military observers and has since expanded to numerous peacekeeping and observer missions across different continents. Some of the key missions include UNIPOM in India/Pakistan (1966), UNEF II in Sinai, Middle East (1974), UNIFIL in Lebanon (1978), UNMOT in Tajikistan (1989), UNIKOM in Kuwait/Iraq (1991), UNMIH in Haiti (1991), and UNTSO in Israel and the Middle East (1992). The Nepali Army has also been actively engaged in peacekeeping operations in Somalia (UNISOM, 1993), the former Yugoslavia (UNPROFOR, 1994), Iraq (UNGCI, 1995), and Liberia (UNOMIL, 1996).

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, their involvement extended to UNMOP in Prevalaka (1998), UNMIK in Kosovo (1999), UNOMSIL/UNAMSIL in Sierra Leone (1999), MONUC in DR Congo (1999), UNAMET/UNTAET/UNMISET in East Timor (1999), UNFICYP in Cyprus (1999), and UNMEE in Ethiopia/Eritrea (2000). Their missions continued in Ivory Coast (MINUCI, 2003; UNOCI, 2003), Liberia (UNMIL, 2003), Sudan (UNMIS, 2004; UNAMID, 2008; UNISFA, 2012), and Chad (MINURCAT, 2008). The Nepali Army has also contributed personnel to MINUSTAH in Haiti (2004), ONUB in Burundi (2004), MONUSCO in DR Congo (2003), UNDOF in Israel/Syria (2004), UNOMIG in Georgia (2007), UNAMI in Iraq (2008), MINURSO in Morocco (2010), UNMISS in South Sudan (2011), UNSMIS in Syria (2012), MINUSMA in Mali (2013), and MINUSCA in the Central African Republic (2014).

In recent years, Nepal has continued to serve in key missions such as UNSMIL in Libya (2016) and UNMHA in Yemen (2019). The Nepali Army has provided force commanders, staff officers, military observers, and peacekeeping troops across these operations, playing an essential role in maintaining global peace and security. Their contributions are widely recognized for their professionalism, discipline, and commitment to UN peacekeeping objectives, further solidifying Nepal’s reputation as a dedicated peacekeeping nation.

What role does Nepal play in global peace beyond troop contributions?

Beyond sending troops, Nepal also contributes financially to UN peacekeeping and provides civilian experts for mission support. Nepalese diplomats actively participate in global peace discussions at the UN and advocate for conflict resolution strategies.

How is Nepal committed to promoting Global Peace?

Nepal’s role as the world’s leading contributor to UN peacekeeping reflects its deep commitment to international stability. With a proud history of peacekeeping service, rigorous training programs, and an increasing focus on gender inclusion, Nepal continues to set an example for other nations. As the global demand for peacekeeping rises, Nepal stands ready to further expand its contributions, reinforcing its legacy as a guardian of world peace.

How can Nepal expand its engagement with the UN for global peace and security?

Nepal has a strong foundation in international peacekeeping and could further enhance its engagement with the United Nations to contribute more effectively to global peace and security. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) could strengthen its diplomatic efforts by advocating for a greater role in UN Peace Operations (UNPO), including an increased number of peacekeeping troops, more female peacekeepers, higher representation in senior positions such as force commanders and top role in U.N. peacekeeping deployment decision making body. Additionally, Nepal could explore opportunities to send civilian experts in areas like rule of law, justice, human rights, ceasefire monitoring, and post-conflict reconstruction.

The Ministry of Defense could facilitate a supportive domestic environment to help achieve these objectives, ensuring that the Nepali Army’s offer to deploy 10,000 troops is realized when feasible. Similarly, the Ministry of Finance could consider allocating resources for armored personnel carriers (APCs) and other necessary logistics to align with international standards. Providing language training for Nepali peacekeepers deployed in French- and Spanish-speaking countries could also improve operational effectiveness.

At the UN level, Nepal could advocate for greater recognition of its contributions, particularly in securing more senior positions proportional to its troop deployments. The UN might consider categorizing member states into Troop and Police Contributing Countries (TPCCs) and Capability Contributing Countries (CCC) to ensure fairness and efficiency in peacekeeping operations.
By engaging proactively with the UN Secretary-General, the Security Council, and other key stakeholders, Nepal could strengthen its position in global peacekeeping efforts. Expanding its role in UN peace operations would not only enhance Nepal’s global influence but also reinforce its longstanding commitment to upholding the principles of the UN Charter.

Why is the UN peacekeeping mission important for Nepal?

The UN peacekeeping mission provides Nepal with a significant platform to project its soft power on a global scale. For over six decades, Nepal has contributed troops to various UN missions, fostering international peace and stability while simultaneously enhancing its diplomatic influence. Peacekeeping has also strengthened Nepal’s foreign policy standing and national identity in global affairs.

What are Nepal’s views on the principles and challenges of UN peacekeeping?

Nepal strongly believes that the cardinal principles of peacekeeping—consent of the parties, impartiality, and the non-use of force except in self-defense and the defense of the mandate—are crucial for achieving a political solution to conflicts. These principles must guide all peacekeeping operations to ensure their success.

The mandates of peacekeeping missions should be clear, achievable, realistic, and prioritized with adequate, predictable financing. Additionally, mandates should align with and support the host government’s efforts to achieve sustainable development and lasting peace. Nepal emphasizes that the success of peacekeeping operations relies on full ownership by the UN Security Council and the clear definition of roles and responsibilities of key actors. Any mismatch between mandates and resources can jeopardize the mission’s functionality and the safety of peacekeepers.
Equally important is that mandates be communicated clearly to peacekeepers at the operational level on the ground. The mission leadership should be held accountable for the overall performance of the mission, including the performance of troops and police. Mission-specific performance indicators are essential to measure success.

Nepal stresses the importance of consulting troops-contributing countries to ensure their ownership of the mission’s mandate. Furthermore, Nepal advocates for increased participation of Nepali citizens in senior positions, both in the field and at UN Headquarters, commensurate with its contribution to UN peacekeeping. While participation in peace missions comes with inherent risks and challenges, Nepal believes these can be mitigated through clear mandates, adequate resources, and strategic leadership.

How has Nepal utilized peacekeeping to build soft power?

Since joining the UN in 1955, Nepal has strategically used peacekeeping missions to enhance its international reputation. Nepali peacekeepers are recognized for their professionalism, discipline, and adaptability in challenging environments. Their ability to integrate seamlessly into different societies has solidified Nepal’s credibility as a reliable peacekeeping nation.

What makes Nepali peacekeepers stand out?

Nepali peacekeepers are highly regarded for their loyalty, dedication, and ability to work effectively in diverse cultural and geographical settings. Their adaptability and minimal-resource efficiency make them one of the most sought-after contingents in UN missions. This unique capability has strengthened Nepal’s position as a top troop-contributing country.

How does peacekeeping contribute to Nepal’s economy and national interest?

Peacekeeping missions generate foreign currency inflows, benefiting both individual soldiers and the national economy. Additionally, the Army Welfare Fund, supported by contributions from peacekeepers and UN reimbursements, has reached approximately Rs 50 billion, enhancing the well-being of military personnel and their families. However, beyond financial benefits, peacekeeping strengthens Nepal’s diplomatic leverage and secures key positions in international organizations.

What challenges does Nepal face in converting peacekeeping into soft power?

Despite Nepal’s longstanding contributions, peacekeeping has not been fully integrated into its broader diplomatic strategy. Political and diplomatic efforts are essential in transforming military contributions into soft power. If peacekeeping remains solely within the domain of the military, its full potential as a tool of national influence may be underutilized.

How can Nepal strengthen its soft power through peacekeeping?

To maximize the soft power benefits of peacekeeping, Nepal must:
• Advocate for greater leadership roles in UN peacekeeping command structures.
• Influence UN policies on troop-contributing countries.
• Expand diplomatic efforts to align peacekeeping with Nepal’s broader foreign policy goals.
• Promote the successes and contributions of Nepali peacekeepers on global platforms.
• Integrate peacekeeping into a national soft power strategy, involving political and diplomatic institutions alongside the military.

What impact has peacekeeping had on Nepal’s international standing?

Nepal’s peacekeeping efforts have contributed to its recognition in international diplomacy. This involvement played a role in Nepal securing a temporary seat on the UN Security Council in 1969 and 1988. Additionally, peacekeeping participation continues to be a central topic in Nepal’s engagements at the UN Headquarters.

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What is the Future of Nepal’s Involvement in UN Peacekeeping?

Nepal remains deeply committed to its role in global peacekeeping and aims to sustain its position as a leading troop-contributing nation. However, to maintain and expand this role, Nepal must proactively engage in global peacekeeping policy discussions, advocate for fairer UN provisions, and strategically position itself as a key player in peace operations. By doing so, Nepal can continue leveraging peacekeeping for both national and international benefits.

Looking ahead, Nepal is expected to remain a significant contributor to UN peacekeeping, with a potential expansion into addressing emerging challenges such as counter-terrorism and climate-related security risks. Additionally, Nepal seeks to enhance the safety and security of peacekeepers, strengthen partnerships among stakeholders, and improve civilian protection measures.
Nepal contributes to UN missions through the deployment of troops, formed police units, and individual police and military officers, as requested by the UN headquarters. The country has also provided specialized capabilities, including engineers, military police, and special forces contingents. Furthermore, Nepali civilian experts have participated in peace missions in their individual capacities.

Nepal firmly believes that peacekeeping missions cannot replace an inclusive and nationally owned conflict resolution process. Sustainable peace requires national ownership and leadership, with conflicts being addressed through participatory political settlements. As sustainable development and lasting peace are closely interconnected, conflict prevention strategies should be integrated into national development plans.

Each conflict situation is unique and requires a tailored approach. Nepal’s own experience has demonstrated that a nationally driven, homegrown political process is the most effective way to manage post-conflict transitions and ensure sustainable peace. The engagement of local communities—including youth, women, community leaders, and social activists—is crucial in fostering social harmony, tolerance, and mutual understanding.

Nepal believes externally imposed measures alone cannot guarantee lasting peace. Instead, strengthening local ownership and empowering local actors is essential. Nepal’s peace process serves as a valuable example, with approximately 2,800 Local Peace Committees established at the grassroots level. These committees played a crucial role in ensuring public participation in peacebuilding and long-term stability. By reinforcing these principles and advocating for a more inclusive and strategic approach to peacekeeping, Nepal can continue to play a pivotal role in global peace and security while also leveraging its contributions for national development.