KATHMANDU: The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining the body’s overall health. They act as natural filters, removing waste products, toxins, and excess water from the blood. In addition to filtering, kidneys regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.

Diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidney stones, and infections can severely impact these vital functions. If left untreated, they may lead to serious complications, including kidney failure. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preserving kidney health.

NepalNews sat down with Dr. Archan Shumsher Rana, a leading consultant nephrologist in Nepal and the chairman and chief consultant nephrologist at Mark International Kidney Centre, to discuss common kidney issues, risk factors, and the importance of staying hydrated.

How important is kidney health for overall well-being?

Kidney health is extremely important because the kidneys act as the body’s natural filtration system. They remove waste products, excess water, and toxins from the bloodstream and help maintain a healthy balance of electrolytes.

When kidneys aren’t functioning properly, it can lead to serious issues like high blood pressure, swelling, fatigue, and in advanced cases, kidney or renal failure.

Can a lack of water really damage the kidneys?

Absolutely. Dehydration is one of the common yet underestimated causes of kidney damage. When the body lacks sufficient water, the kidneys struggle to flush out toxins effectively.

Prolonged dehydration can lead to the formation of kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and eventually, even kidney failure. Maintaining proper hydration helps preserve kidney function and allows the body to maintain a healthy balance of salts and minerals, easing the kidneys’ workload.

What symptoms should people watch out for that could indicate kidney problems?

Kidney issues can manifest in a number of ways. Swelling of the feet, ankles, or face is common due to fluid retention. Changes in urination, such as dark or bloody urine, should not be ignored.

Other symptoms include shortness of breath, persistent fatigue, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, a metallic taste in the mouth, or pain in the lower back or sides. If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider promptly.

What are the most common causes of kidney disease?

The leading causes are diabetes, high blood pressure, and genetic predisposition. Diabetes can damage the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to inefficient filtration.

High blood pressure puts excessive strain on the kidneys, reducing their functionality over time. Other contributing factors include frequent infections, long-term use of painkillers, kidney stones, obesity, smoking, and unhealthy eating habits. Additionally, inherited conditions like polycystic kidney disease can also be responsible.

Can repeated urinary tract infections harm the kidneys?

Yes, chronic or untreated urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be very harmful. If a UTI spreads to the upper urinary tract, it can cause kidney infections such as pyelonephritis.

If not treated correctly, this can result in kidney scarring and even long-term damage or kidney failure. Anyone with recurring infections should seek timely medical care, including the right antibiotics and follow-up.

If symptoms like fever, back pain, or blood in the urine appear, it’s crucial to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Are there certain foods that are harmful to kidney health?

Yes, diet plays a significant role. Foods high in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats can damage the kidneys over time. Too much salt raises blood pressure, which in turn affects kidney function.

Sugary foods and drinks increase the risk of diabetes, another major cause of kidney disease. Excessive protein intake—especially red meat—can also put pressure on the kidneys.

Additionally, too much alcohol and caffeine can cause dehydration. A balanced diet with moderate amounts of protein, salt, and sugar, along with sufficient fluid intake, is essential for healthy kidney function.

How often should a healthy person be urinating each day?

A healthy individual typically urinates about four to eight times a day. However, this can vary depending on fluid intake, weather, and activity levels.

If someone is urinating significantly more or less than that, or experiencing discomfort or urgency, it could be due to issues such as dehydration, infection, or an overactive bladder. It’s important to stay hydrated and monitor any unusual changes in urination habits.

Finally, how can one prevent kidney disease?

Prevention starts with a healthy lifestyle. Drink enough water and avoid excessive consumption of salty, sugary, and oily foods. Regularly monitor your blood pressure and blood sugar levels, as uncontrolled levels can damage your kidneys.

Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular physical activity is important. Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake. Also, steer clear of excessive use of over-the-counter painkillers, which can be harmful to the kidneys.

Most importantly, go for regular health checkups, especially if you have risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease.