Nestled in the eastern Himalayan region of Nepal, Sankhuwasabha District is a place of remarkable natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and deep historical significance. From the towering peaks of the Makalu region to the culturally important sacred sites and vibrant local markets, Sankhuwasabha offers a unique blend of adventure, spirituality, and tradition.

Geographical Location and Administrative Overview

Sankhuwasabha lies in the northeastern part of Nepal, bordering China’s Tibet Autonomous Region to the north, while sharing boundaries with Tehrathum and Taplejung to the east, Bhojpur and Solukhumbu to the west, and Dhankuta to the south. It is located in Province No. 1 of Nepal and has one electoral constituency in the House of Representatives, as well as two constituencies in the Provincial Assembly. The district comprises five municipalities and five rural municipalities, with a total of 10 local levels and 76 wards. The district headquarters is situated in Khandbari, a historic town that serves as both the administrative and economic center of the region.

A Glimpse into History

The name Sankhuwasabha originates from the confluence of two rivers: Sankhu Khola and Sabha Khola. Historically, the area between these two rivers was referred to as “Sankhuwasabha.” Though the exact timeline remains unclear, the district has undergone various administrative reorganizations, resulting in its present configuration.

Before the district headquarters was moved to Khandbari in 1974 (2031 BS), Chainpur served as the administrative center. There are various legends surrounding the name “Khandbari,” one of which suggests that Gorkhali soldiers used to wash their weapons in a pond that once existed in the area, leading it to be known as “Khũḍāvārī” or “Khandbari.” The transformation from a pond to a thriving commercial hub underscores the district’s resilience and cultural evolution over the centuries.

A District with Deep Cultural and Religious Significance

Sankhuwasabha is steeped in ancient religious and cultural traditions. Mythological sites such as Shivadhara, Sabha Pokhari, and Siddhakali represent the district’s deep spiritual roots. The area is considered sacred by Hindus, Buddhists, and other religious communities. Sankhuwasabha was once part of the Kirant kingdom, and evidence of forts, temples, and palaces from that era still stands today. During Nepal’s unification in the 18th century, Sankhuwasabha witnessed battles between the Gorkhali forces and the Kirant warriors, marking a crucial turning point in the region’s history.

The district was later incorporated into the administrative structure of Dhankuta during the Rana era, and it remained under the jurisdiction of Dhankuta until the 1950s, when administrative reorganization led to the establishment of Sankhuwasabha as a separate district.

Natural Resources and Environment

Sankhuwasabha is blessed with a wealth of natural resources, making it an ecological treasure. The district is home to several major rivers and streams, which are crucial for irrigation and hydropower generation. The Arun River, one of the largest in Nepal, flows through the district, and its tributary, the Barun River, contributes significantly to the area’s water resources.

Beyond rivers, Sankhuwasabha features a stunning array of lakes, ponds, and water bodies that are ecologically important and serve as sacred sites. Sabha Pokhari, Paanch Pokhari, Dudh Pokhari, and Lower Barun Lake are just a few of the region’s notable water bodies. Many of these lakes are situated within the Makalu Barun National Park, a UNESCO-recognized protected area that preserves biodiversity and attracts trekkers from around the world.

The district’s mountainous terrain also contains numerous waterfalls and cascades, such as Shivdhara and the Waling Kiranti Waterfall, which are famous for their natural beauty. The hot springs in the region, like Chupusang and Khubung, are also visited by those seeking medicinal benefits and spiritual healing.

Valleys, Passes, and Forts

Sankhuwasabha is a district of remarkable geographical diversity, boasting several beautiful valleys, mountain passes, and historical forts. The Arun Valley, the world’s lowest valley at 457 meters above sea level, is renowned for its scenic beauty and rich biodiversity. The Lower Barun Valley, located within the Makalu Barun National Park, is another biologically diverse area that attracts nature lovers and ecologists.

For trekkers, Sankhuwasabha offers several challenging mountain passes, such as the Umbak Pass, Popti Pass, and Rangla Pass, which provide stunning views of the surrounding Himalayas. These passes have historically been used as trade routes and are now key attractions for adventurers.

The region is also home to many historical forts from the Kirant and Gorkhali periods. Forts like Chainpur Fort and Hedangna Fort are key historical landmarks that speak to Sankhuwasabha’s strategic importance over the centuries.

Prominent Religious Sites

Sankhuwasabha is rich in religious sites, making it a significant destination for pilgrims and those seeking spiritual solace. The district is home to various temples, monasteries, and caves, each with its own unique significance. One of the notable sites is the Siddhakali Temple in the Siddhakali region, dedicated to Goddess Kali, attracting hundreds of devotees each year. Another important site is the Mankamna Temple, located in the Makalu region, where many pilgrims visit to honor Goddess Mankamna. Saisima is another revered spiritual site, often frequented by people seeking blessings. Sankhuwasabha is also home to Buddhist shrines like Pathibhara and Kimathanka Tasi Choling Monastery, offering peace and tranquility for those seeking enlightenment. The Shivdhara Cave, dedicated to Lord Shiva and located near the Khempalung region, is a sacred spot for many pilgrims. In addition to these, there are several monasteries in the district, such as Chepuba’s Cheling Monastery and Namtang Monastery, where Buddhists practice meditation and rituals.

Major Tourist Destinations

In addition to its religious significance, Sankhuwasabha boasts a wealth of scenic and cultural attractions, making it a perfect destination for trekkers, adventurers, and those looking to experience authentic Nepali culture. Tumlingtar is a popular entry point to Makalu Barun National Park and is known for its breathtaking views of the Himalayas. Khandbari Bazar, the district headquarters, is not only a commercial hub but also a historical site, surrounded by stunning landscapes. Chainpur Bazar, a traditional market town, offers visitors the chance to experience local culture and commerce. Jaljala is a serene and beautiful location, perfect for hiking and outdoor activities. Lastly, Triveni Bazar (Bahrabise) is a lively town with a mix of cultural influences, making it a vibrant center for commerce and interaction.

The Makalu Barun National Park: A Treasure Trove of Biodiversity

Makalu Barun National Park is one of the crown jewels of Sankhuwasabha. This protected area, which encompasses an incredible variety of ecosystems, from subtropical forests to alpine meadows, is a UNESCO-recognized biosphere reserve. The park is home to an impressive array of wildlife, including the red panda, snow leopard, and various species of pheasants. Its diverse flora and fauna make it a hotspot for ecotourism and scientific research.

Sankhuwasabha is a district that offers a rare combination of breathtaking natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and religious significance. From the stunning landscapes of the Makalu region to the sacred temples and monasteries, Sankhuwasabha provides a unique blend of spiritual and natural experiences. Whether you are a nature lover, a history enthusiast, or a spiritual seeker, Sankhuwasabha offers something for everyone. With its diverse range of tourist attractions and its deep-rooted cultural and religious traditions, Sankhuwasabha stands out as a key destination in Nepal’s far eastern region.